CROWFOOT FAMILY. Ranunculacex. 



Tall Butter ^ n * s * s ^ e common buttercup of fields 



Ranunculus an( l meadows, which has become natural- 

 acris ized from the old country. The stein is 



Golden or deep hairy, branched and less hairy above, and 

 ivf IO A t deep £ reen - The l eaves deep green with 



3-7 stemless divisions, and these are again 

 correspondingly divided into linear segments ; they are 

 cut and slashed in a most decorative and complicated 

 fashion, only the upper ones showing the simple three- 

 parted figure. The flowers, nearly 1 inch broad, are 

 lustrous light golden yellow within, and light yellow 

 without, the 5 broad petals overlapping. The flowers 

 are set on long slender stems, and sometimes continue 

 to bloom until frost. 2-3 feet high. Common every- 

 where, especially upon moist meadows. The variety 

 named R. acris, var. Steveni (Lange), is similar except in 

 the shape of its leaf, which has very broad instead of 

 linear segments, which impart to the plant a thicker 

 and heavier appearance in the field. This variety is the 

 common form in northern N. Eng. Found at Alstead 

 Centre, and Jefferson, N. H. (M. L. Fernald in Rhodora, 

 vol. i, p. 227). 



Marsh Mari- -A- thick and hollow-stemmed stocky 



gold plant common in marshes in spring, with 



Caltha 2)alustris round or kidney-shaped deep green leaves 

 A ln e -Ma e,l0W obscurel y blunt-toothed, and brilliant 



golden yellow flowers resembling butter- 

 cups. Often wrongly called cowslips. The flowers are 

 perfect with 5-9 petallike sepals, and numerous stamens ; 

 they are honey-bearing, and although the anthers and 

 stigmas mature simultaneously, cross-fertilization is 

 favored by the anthers opening outwardly, and the 

 outermost ones farthest from the stigmas opening first 

 (Miiller). The flowers are chiefly fertilized by the 

 beautiful yellow flies belonging to the family Syrphidce. 

 The classical name Caltha means cup, and pahts a 

 marsh — marsh-cup. 8-24 inches high. Common in wet 

 meadows, from Me., south to S. Car., and west. 



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