POPPY FAMILY. Papaveracex. 



a terminal cluster. Fertilized mainly by the smaller 

 bees. The ovoid seed-pod hairy. The two sepals falling 

 early. 12-16 inches high. In low damp woods, from 

 western Pa., west to Tenn., Mo., and Wis. Found near 

 St. Libory, St. Clair Co., 111. 



Celandine ^ common weed naturalized from 



Chelidonium Europe, and found usually in or about the 

 majus eastern towns. The leaves are somewhat 



Deep yellow similar to those of the preceding species, 



light lustreless green, smooth, and orna- 

 mentally small-lobed. The small deep yellow flower 

 (with four petals), f inch broad or less, has a prominent 

 green style, and many yellow stamens. The plant has a 

 strong yellow sap. 1-2 feet high. Common in waste 

 places eastward. Found in Cambridge, Mass., and Ply- 

 mouth, N. H. 



A yellow poppy with prickly thistlelike 

 Argenwne * l eaves > verv light green and smooth with 

 Mexicana a slight whitish bloom, commonly culti- 



Yeliow vated, and escaped to roadsides and waste 



June Septem- pi aces . a native of Mexico. Flowers 

 ber 



usually two inches broad or more, with 



four bright yellow petals, and numerous golden stamens. 

 This poppy like all others is sought by the honeybee for 

 its pollen ; it does not yield honey. The broad surface 

 of the stigmas of poppies in general being a convenient 

 alighting platform for insects, the flowers are surely 

 adapted to cross-fertilization ; although the anthers ripen 

 in the bud, and are directly over the stigma, Muller is of 

 the opinion that cross-fertilization prevails. Self-fertili- 

 zation in the case of Argemone is even less likely, as the 

 stigmatic surface is sjnaU and far less exposed to the 

 overhanging anthers'. The fruit-£apsule nearly an inch 

 long, and armed with prickles. Rarely the flowers are 

 white. Stem stout, bristly, and 1-2 feet high. Usually 

 found near dwellings and. ,on the neglected borders of 

 old highways, from N. Eng. south, and west to Ohio. 



The irregular-flowered group of Papaveracece, formerly 

 called Fumariacece, has finely cut compound leaves, and 

 somewhat sack-shaped flowers with spurred petals. 



158 



