BORAGE FAMILY. Boraginaceee. 



smooth stem, and dark green acute lance-shaped or oblong 

 leaves, has escaped from cultivation in some of the east- 

 ern States, and is established permanently in many lo- 

 calities, generally adjoining old dwellings. 2-6 feet high. 



n , v , . A smooth perennial with slender and 



Greek Valerian £ 



Polemonium weak stems finally reclining, and com- 

 reptans pound alternately growing leaves formed 



Light violet f 5_i5 ova te lance-shaped leaflets ; the up- 

 Apnl-May permost leaves generally simple ; all tooth- 

 less. Flowers about £ inch long, light blue-violet or 

 rarely white, in loose clusters and nodding — bluebell- 

 like. 8-12 inches high. In thin woods, N. Y., south 

 to Ga. , west to Minn, and Mo. 



Jacob's Ladder A mU ? h rarer s P ecies > found onl y b y the 

 Polemonium mountain streams and in the swamps of 

 caeruleum the north. It has a stout horizontal root 



Violet from which spread numerous rootlets, 



a y- u y with erect stems smooth and leafy to the 



top. Leaves compound like those of the preceding 

 species, the lower ones consisting of 15-19 nearly stem- 

 less, ovate pointed leaflets. Flowers numerous in a 

 somewhat long cluster, bright violet, and nearly 1 inch 

 broad, with conspicuous stamens and style, the five lobes 

 of the corolla rounded. 1-2| feet high. From Vermont 

 and northern N. Y., south to Md. Common only in the 

 far north. Found at Abby Pond, Ripton, Vt. 



BORAGE FAMILY. Boraginaceee 



In our range annual or perennial herbs with rough- 

 hairy stems and generally alternate, toothless, rough 

 leaves. The blue-violet flower perfect and regular with 

 a five-lobed corolla (Echium excepted), and five stamens. 

 Flowers mostly in one-sided spikes, which at first are 

 somewhat rolled up, straightening as the blossoms ex- 

 pand. Cross-fertilized mostly by butterflies and bees. 



An ill-smelling biennial with a fine- 

 CynogVssum* 1 ** hairv > stout > branching stem, and with 

 officinale lance-shaped leaves stemless, except the 



Magenta basal ones which are oblong and long 



June- slender-stemmed. The small magenta 



ep em er or rarely white flowers, five-lobed, and 



376 



