COMPOSITE FAMILY. Composite. 



A similar species with the same magenta 

 Echinacea flowers and long lance-shaped leaves, very 



rough, without teeth, and three-ribbed. 

 The flowers are a deeper color when they at first expand. 

 Rare on roadsides and fields in N. Eng., where it has 

 come from the west ; 111. and Ala., west to Minn., Neb., 

 and Tex. The name from e^ZVoS, hedgehog. 



A closely allied species with golden yel- 

 flower l° w n ° wers whose rays droop ; the central 



Rudbeckia green-yellow cone, at first hemispherical, 



laciniata is finally elongated and brown. Nearly 



Golden yellow smoo t;h, deep green leaves, the lowest com- 

 pound, the intermediate irregularly 3-5-parted, the up- 

 permost small and elliptical. Fertilized mostly by the 

 bees ; among the bumblebees, Bombus xeparaius and 

 Bombus americanorum are frequent visitors. The branch- 

 ing stems 3-10 feet high. In moist thickets, Vt. and N. 

 Y., south and west. Named for Professors Rudbeck. 

 Rudbeckia Flower-disc purple-brown, at first hemi- 



triioba spherical, and afterward oblong-ovoid; 



Golden yellow about 8-10 golden yellow rays, deeper at 

 August ^ e DasGj an( j somewhat long-oval. Upper 



leaves rough, thin, bright green, ovate lance-shaped, 

 lower ones three-lobed, tapering at the base, and coarsely 

 toothed. Stem hairy, much branched-, and many-flow- 

 ered ; the flowers small, about 2 inches broad. 2-5 feet 

 high. On dry or moist ground. N. J., south to Ga., 

 west to Mich., S. Dak., and La. 



A biennial. The commonest eastern spe- 

 Black-Eyed c j es> although its seed originally came 

 Cone=flower from the west mixed with clover seed. 

 Rudbeckia Both stem and leaves. are very rough and 



hirta bristly ; the former exceedingly tough, the 



Deep golden latter dull oliye green> lance-shaped, tooth- 



June^Ausrust ^ ess or near ^y so > an( ^ scattered along the 

 rigid stem ; the lower leaves broader at 

 the tip and three-ribbed. The deep gold yellow ray- 

 flowers are neutral without stamens or pistils ; they curl 

 backward ; the disc is madder purple, and the tiny florets 

 encircle it in successive bloom, creating a zone of yellow 

 when the pollen is ripe ; later the stigmas are matured, 

 508 



