COMPOSITE FAMILY. Composite. 



dandelion, closes in rainy or cloudy weather and opens 



only in sunshine. There are few florets in a single head 



but these are highly developed with gracefully curved, 



branching styles ; the exposure of the double stigmatic 



surface thus, in a measure, insures self-fertilization in 



the absence of insects. The most frequent visitors are 



the bees — the honeybee, the leaf -cutter bee (Megachile), 



and various species of Halictus and Andrena, ground 



bees. 1-3 feet high. 



An odd but attractive plant, naturalized 



aw " y from Europe, with a stout stem, and a 



Hieracium flower-cup closely covered with sepia 



aurantiacum brown hairs, the rusty character of which 



Tawny orange gave it the common name in England of 



July- Grim the Collier. The coarse, blunt, lance- 



September , . _ ' 



shaped leaves covered with short gray 



hairs are nearly all at the base of the plant. The tawny 

 orange flowers (with light golden pistils), strap-rayed and 

 finely fringed at the edge, are grouped in a small ter- 

 minal cluster, and are quite delicately fragrant. Visited 

 by the bees Halictus and Andrena, and the smaller 

 butterflies — Pieris rapQ3, white, and Colias philodice, 

 yellow. 7-lff inches high. In fields, woodlands, and 

 along roads, from Me., south to Pa., and west to N. Y. 

 Growing to be a troublesome weed in fields and pastures 

 of northern Vermont. 



A generally smooth species ; the light 

 H ana a green, lance-shaped leaves with coarse and 



Hieracium wide-spread teeth, and the dandelionlike, 

 Canadense very small yellow flowers in a loose 



Pure yellow branching cluster terminating the leafy 

 u y ~ stem. In October the plant is decorated 



with tiny brown globes of down. 1-4 feet 

 high. In dry woods northward, south only to N. J. 



A similar northern plant with a droop- 



leracium ing-branched loose flower-cluster, gener- 

 paniculatum & , , , 



ally smooth stem and lance-shaped leaves, 



and smaller yellow flowers. The thin leaves almost 



stemless, and very slightly, if at all, toothed. 1-3 feet 



high. South as far as Ga. 



526 



