36 FISHES OF ILLINOIS 



aa. Dorsal more than twice length of anal; anal spines -3. 



d. Body comparatively short and deep, depth in adults as a rule more than % 



of length; dorsal fin not deeply emarginate, the shortest spine behind 

 middle of fin more than % height of longest; operculum entire behind, not 

 emarginate, more or less prolonged in a bony process or flap with a 

 rounded posterior margin. 



e. Tongue and pterygoids* with teeth; maxillary reaching past pupil 



. Chaenobryttus. 



ee. Tongue and pterygoids toothless; maxillary in most species short of middle 

 of orbit (to middle in L. cyanellus). 



f. Lower pharyngeals (Fig. 64 and 65) narrow, the width in the length of 



toothed portion about 3, outer margin straight or weakly concave, the 

 teeth long, slender, and acuminate; pectorals never reaching beyond 

 vertical from base of anal; opercular flap without red, or if red is present, 



with the color forming a border and not a roundish spot Lepomis. 



ff. Lower pharyngeals (Fig. 66 and 67) broad, the width in the length of the 

 toothed portion about 2, the outer margin a double curve; teeth short, 

 bluntly rounded or paved; opercular flap with a conspicuous roundish 

 red spot on its lower posterior corner or (in case the red spot is wanting) 

 the pectorals reaching past front of anal (to a vertical from last anal ray). 



Eupomotis. 



dd. Body comparatively elongate, depth about % length; dorsal fin deeply 

 emarginate, the shortest spine behind middle of fin from % to % height of 

 longest; operculum ending in two flat points Micropterus. 



.tn 



FIG. 56 



FIG. 57 



Roof (56) and floor (57) of mouth of Ambloplites rupestris to show dentition of a typical sun- 

 fish, dn, dentary; ecp, ectopterygoid; enp, entopterygoid; hy, hyoid; Iph, lower pharyn- 

 geal; pi, palatine; pmx, premaxillary; tn, tongue; uph, upper pharyngeal; vo, vomer. 



See Fig. 56 and 57 for illustration of full dentition of a sunfish. 



