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cedence of trout culture, but for these reasons the inferior 

 fish is placed as the title, although we shall take up the 

 management of the salmon first, as its treatment was 

 first discovered, and its manipulation is the most compli- 

 cated. Under the head of Salmon, may be included the 

 salmon, the trout, the salmon-trout, otherwise called lake 

 trout, the whitefish, the grayling, the fresh-water herring 

 or cisco, and California brook trout, and the California 

 salmon. The scientific names of these are, salmo solar, 

 salmo fontinalis, salmo confinis, salmo amethystus, core- 

 gonus albus, tfiymallus s^gnifer, and salmo quinnat 

 These are all essentially alike in their mode of culture, 

 the differences being so inconsiderable that they may be 

 disregarded for the present. We shall speak of one for 

 the whole, only occasionally pointing out such individ- 

 ualities as may be necessary. 



They spawn in the autumn and winter, with the excep- 

 tion of the California salmon, which is earlier, and spawns 

 in summer and first of autumn, the grayling, a fish of 

 the same race, which has lately been found to exist in 

 our country, and which spawns in March, and the Cali- 

 fornia Brook trout which spawns in March and April. 



The salmon comes in from the sea where he has passed 

 the cold weather, as soon as the ice breaks up, and keeps 

 on all summer long running up into the fresh water; which 

 alone, is adapted to the fructification of his eggs. Trout 

 in like manner, pass from the ponds and deep lakes into 

 the cooler streams, where a constant supply of fresh and 

 lively water can be obtained ; whitefish appear from the 

 depths of the great lakes and seeking the shallows along 

 shore, select Jgravelly and rocky reefs and springy spots to 

 lay their eggs. 



Salmon and trout make nests, the females digging out 

 the bottom and fanning away with their fins and tails 



