14 THE CATTLE OF GREAT BRITAIN. 



influences form, the dam tlie internal organisation, and there is 

 some general truth in this, as is proved by the cases of the Mule 

 and the Hinney. The former, which results from connection of 

 the male ass with the mare, has all the external points of the 

 ass, only a rounder barrel to give room for the bowels, which 

 resemble those of the dam. When a stallion is put to the 

 female ass, the result is a modified horse (the hinney), only the 

 barrel is smaller, in form resembling that of the ass. If this is 

 correct, we should be most careful that the dam is sound in 

 wind and of good constitution, being most particular that the 

 sire possesses beauty of form. In the case of Shorthorns, 

 certain sires, such as Hubback, Favourite, and the Earl of 

 Dublin, were noticeably prepotent in their influence on progeny. 

 The last-named bull, in the hands of Mr. Adkin and Sir C. 

 Knightley, impressed deep milking properties in all the animals 

 he was put upon, and this, a result of internal organisation, is 

 due to the influence of Princess, from which he was directly and 

 closely descended. This latter fact rather tells against Mr. 

 Fowler's theory, since the milking properties derived from 

 Princess were transmitted more directly through the male than 

 the female. Prepotency may arise from an intensifying of 

 certain qualities from very close breedings, and this also, to 

 some extent, militates against Mr. Fowler's theory. The 

 influence of the male may be due to his being deeper-bred than 

 the female. Cross-bred cattle offer a good example. It is 

 nearly always possible to find out the sire by the strong likeness 

 to him, and here we have an illustration in support of Mr. 

 Fowler as to external form. Mr. Fowler further illustrated his 

 views by reference to facts noticed in poultry breeding. The 

 Brahma and Dorking fowls were crossed with the following 

 results : When the Brahma cock was used on the Dorking hen, 

 the chickens had four claws generally, feathered legs ; the pullets 

 laid white eggs, and the cockerels, though resembling the 

 Brahma, crowed like the Dorkings. When the process was 

 reversed, the produce likewise followed the change closely ; the 

 cockerels were like Dorkings, but roared like the Brahmas ; 

 indeed the illustration was perfect. The same results were 

 noted when the Epuen and Aylesbury ducks were crossed. 

 Great importance, undoubtedly, is attached to the first 



