102 THE CATTLE OF GREAT BRITAIN. 



gonzola, and the Eoquefort made from sheep's milk. This 

 great variety — and all differ, in some cases in a remarkable 

 degree — is the result of variations in the temperature to which 

 the curd is brought, of the manner in which the whey is 

 removed, and the curd manipulated and ripened. In addition 

 to the above, among the numerous kinds of hard cheese there 

 are a host of smaller varieties known as ** soft " cheeses, on 

 account of the delicate texture of their flesh, the whey having 

 been extracted by gravitation instead of pressure. These are 

 chiefly the produce of France, but their manufacture has 

 recently been introduced into this country. The choicest 

 varieties are the Brie, the Camembert, Coulommiers, and the 

 Neufchatel. 



In dealing with milk as upon the farm where it is produced 

 for sale in large towns, it should always be passed over a 

 cooler directly after milking and straining, the change of 

 temperature enabling it to travel and to keep better; and it 

 is not needless to say that a cowkeeper should keep a journal 

 showing the yield of each cow, details of his feeding, and the 

 weekly or monthly results based upon it. At the present 

 moment milk must reach a standard which is supposed to 

 indicate its purity; but this is of very little value to the 

 public, who can be sold 11 1 per cent, of solids with impunity, 

 although all the best cows give from 13 to 14 per cent. On 

 the basis of seven years' trials at the London Dairy Show, the 

 cattle which are known to give the smallest quantity of solids 

 per cent, (casein, fat, and sugar) exceeded 12|, while the races 

 of cattle giving richer milk gave 13|. The public should 

 therefore demand of retailers milk of a higher quality and pay 

 a good price for it, or decline to pay a full price for an inferior 

 article. There is much ignorance in connection with the con- 

 stituents of milk, and when those interested have educated the 

 consumer they will be in a better position to charge him higher 

 for what they produce. 



