184 THE CATTLE OF GREAT BRITAIN. 



one of the Canley heifers, bv the Westmoreland bull, was very 

 celebrated. His offspring, a bull named D., was even more 

 remarkable ; he was very closely bred, being by a son of Two- 

 penny out of a daughter and sister of the same bull. Following 

 in the steps of Mr. Bakewell, came Mr. Fowler, who farmed in 

 Oxfordshire. His cows were of Canley breed ; whilst his bull, 

 Shakespeare, considered the best he ever bred, was by D. out of 

 a daughter of Twopenny. Mr. Marshal], in his " Economy of 

 the Midland Counties," gives a good description of this bull, 

 which, save in his horns, did not resemble the Longhorns so 

 much as the Durham of that day : " His head, chap, and neck 

 remarkably fine and clean ; his chest extraordinarily deep ; his 

 brisket down to the knees ; his chine thin, and rising above the 

 shoulder points, leaving a hollow on each side behind them ; his 

 loin narrow at the chine, but remarkably wide at the hips, 

 which protruded in a singular manner ; his quarters long in 

 reality, but appearing short, occasioned by a singular formation 

 of the rump. At first sight it appears as if the tail, which 

 stands forward, had been severed from the vertebrae by the 

 chop of a cleaver, one of the vertebrae extracted and the tail 

 forced up to make good the joint ; an appearance which, on 

 examining, is occasioned by some remarkable wreaths of fat 

 formed round the setting on of the tail — a circumstance which 

 in a picture would be deemed a deformity, but as a point is in the 

 highest estimation. The round bones snug, but Che thighs rather 

 full, and remarkably let down. The legs short, and their bone 

 fine. The carcase throughout (the chine excepted) large, roomy, 

 deep, and well spread." The value of this bull was fully 

 appreciated by Mr. Fowler, who, except letting him for two 

 seasons to a Mr. Prinsep at 80 guineas a season, retained him 

 for his own use. In the year 1791 Mr. Fowler had a public sale, 

 at which fifty head of cattle produced 4289Z. 4s. 6d., being an 

 average of over SOI. a head, prices that would be regarded as 

 satisfactory for a choice selection of shorthorns at the present 

 time, and which show the high estimation in which the improved 

 Leicesters were held, and the advance made by such men as 

 Bakewell, Prinsep, and Fowler. Mr. Marshall thus describes 

 the character of the improved Longhorns : " Fore-end long and 

 light (this we may observe is a fault apparent both in the few 



