I 



THE ANGUS-ABERDEEN CATTLE. 165 



about the udder. Occasionally we find a shade of brown, 

 which is not rejected. Now and again a red calf is dropped, 

 which favours the conclusion that originally colour was various ; 

 such sports are never bred from. The absence of horns is 

 even more typical than colour, and hence the presence of 

 "scurs," i.e., small rounded pieces of horn, sort of rudimen- 

 tary horns, is always most objectionable, and no animal having 

 the least tendency in this direction should be bred from. In 

 form the Angus- Aberdeen is more cylindrical than the Short- 

 horn ; the carcase should be lengthy, deep, wide, and well- 

 proportioned, but the points should be more rounded off — for 

 example, whilst the quarters should be long, level, thick, and 

 deep, they should be rounded off at the tail and not square, and 

 this because approach to the Shorthorn type indicates the pro- 

 bability of a cross at some period. The following description is 

 taken from Macdonald's and Sinclair's work : Head of the male 

 not large, but well set on ; muzzle, fine ; nostrils, wide ; only a 

 moderate length from eyes to nostrils; eyes mild, large, and 

 expressive ; the poll high ; ears of fair size, lively, and well 

 covered with hair ; throat clean, not jowly ; neck pretty long, 

 clean, and rising from the head to the shoulder top, surmounted 

 by a moderate crest. The neck should pass neatly and evenly 

 into the body, with full neck vein. The shoulder blades 

 should lie well back, fitting neatly into the body ; this 

 structure tends to good fore ribs, a very important point; 

 chest wide and deep ; the bosom well forward between the fore 

 legs ; crops full and level, with no falling off behind them ; ribs 

 well sprung, barrel-like, and neatly joined to crops and loins ; 

 back level and broad ; loins well covered, not so wide in the 

 hook bones as the Shorthorn ; quarters long, even, and rounded ; 

 the tail coming neatly out of the body, not higher at the root 

 than the line of the back, should hang straight down close to 

 the body ; on both sides of the tail the quarters should turn 

 away in a rounded manner, swelling out downwards, and 

 passing into thick deep thighs ; twist full, and hind legs wide 

 apart; flank full and soft, and under lines even, bones fine, 

 flat, and clean. All over the frame there should be a rich 

 and even coating of flesh, no patchiness, indeed, in the best 

 specimens of the breed, symmetry is perfect, and not exceeded 



