JERSEY CATTLE. 221 



from a near, nor arched from a side view. Her hide is thin and 

 mellow, moving freely to the touch over ribs and hip-bones. Her 

 skin has a golden tinge inside the ears, at the arm-pits, and 

 between thighs and ndder. Her milk veins are prominent on 

 the abdomen, and ramify over the udder. Her udder is capa- 

 cious and shapely, but not fleshy ; when distended with milk, it 

 stretches in form like the arc of a circle, from a point high up 

 between the thighs to, and well forward under, the belly. The 

 teats are moderately large, of equal size, wide apart, and evenly 

 placed. The skin of her udder is soft, rich coloured, and devoid 

 of harsh wiry hair. 



Finally, the cow has a general look of healthy quality, and is 

 what has been described as " a loose, open-made animal, rather 

 pointed, or sharp and well-defined ; in fact, the contrary of 

 what we should look for in a flesh or beef -producing animal." 



In the selection of a bull it is of primary importance that his 

 dam should be of a dairy type such as we have attempted to 

 describe. She should be a rich and continuous milker, giving 

 fifteen quarts per day in her flush, and difficult to dry. These 

 points conceded, it is desirable that the bull should be a long, 

 level, shapely, rich-coloured animal, with a general look of 

 quality, and inclining to definition of form rather than to its 

 concealment, amid fat and muscle. His horns and hoofs should 

 be small, throat clean, head heifer-like, loins and hips wide, and 

 flanks deep. If, further, his rudimentary teats be rightly placed 

 (not on the scrotum), wide, well formed and level on both sides, 

 lie is the sort of bull to beget stock of high dairy merit.* 



The Jersey is a continuous and — relatively to her size — deep 

 milker, but it is her butter qualities that decide her value. The 

 claim advanced on behalf of the breed by its advocates is that 

 the Jersey cow, properly treated, will produce a larger quantity 

 of butter from a given amount of food than any other animal- 



* Indicatioiis as to milking capacity and duration of yield are supplied by 

 the form and development of the escutcheon, and although certain growth of 

 hair may not invariably predicate yield, yet we believe it is true that a bad 

 milker never had good escutcheon marks. In America it is greatly believed 

 in, and also in Jersey, though possibly less now than formerly. Those who 

 would study the subject will find an interesting and able article in the 

 R. A. S. E. Journal, Vol. XXI., 2nd Series, by Willis P. Hazard, Secretary of 

 the Pennsylvania Guenon Commission. 



