JERSEY CATTLE. 223 



individual annual record of 600 to 700 gallons of such milk as 

 will produce one pound of butter for each two gallons of milk 

 set for cream. In other words, in a standard herd each cow 

 should produce her calf each year, and should yield, besides, 

 650 gallons of milk, churning 3251b. of butter. 



Imported Jerseys require extra care until they have passed a 

 winter in England. They should be kept in at night until the 

 summer has fairly set in, and directly the autumn evenings 

 begin to turn chilly. In cold, wet rainy weather, whether 

 spring or autumnal, they are best under shelter. 



Home-bred animals are, as a rule, hardier ; but even these will 

 not yield their best returns unless they receive a different treat- 

 ment from that which is ordinarily given to a dairy cow. The 

 province of the Jersey is to convert her food into butter. If 

 she secreted fat, instead of giving it away in her milk, she would 

 be better provided against emergencies of food and climate. 

 But her habit of body being such as it is, two conditions are 

 especially requisite to her welfare : warmth, and a sufficiency of 

 regular diet. Both are fulfilled in a favourable season during 

 eight to ten weeks of early summer, at which time an average 

 herd of Jerseys, on grass alone, ought to give in the dairy a 

 return of seven pounds of butter per head per week. But if 

 this figure is to be maintained during periods of drought, or 

 when pasturage is short, or when the autumn grass becomes 

 thin and watery, the employment of some form of artificial food 

 will be found necessary. 



Calves. — Sucking calves may be removed from the dam on the 

 third day, when they readily learn to drink from the pail. From 

 three to four quarts, one-third of it being sweet skim milk, will 

 be a sufficient daily allowance for the first four weeks ; it may 

 be subsequently increased to eight quarts a day, half new and 

 half skim milk. Should diarrhoea appear, it must be checked 

 at once. First reduce the milk, or altogether suspend it for 

 twelve hours ; and apply remedies. Mr. Simpson recommends 

 the following treatment in cases of white scour (diarrhoea) : 

 *' Immediately the symptoms occur, give one or two table- 

 spoonsful of linseed oil, followed by a tablespoonful of bicar- 

 bonate of potash dissolved in water. Keep the calf warm and 

 the shed clean." 



