CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 45 



all liis milk to wLichever purpose applied. His summer average in quantity is 10^ 

 quarts per cow and in winter 8 quarts per cow per day. 



Probably the publication of facts in relation to tlio management on this farm will 

 lead to the conviction being entertained that dairy fanners in general do not feed high 

 enough. This is especially true of those who convert their milk to butter. Their 

 profits thoroughly depend on the high quality, not quantity, of the milk the large propor- 

 tion and thickness of the cream. Consequently the addition of some oil-cake or maize 

 meal to the ordinary food would bo almost sure to pay, yet it is undeniable that on 

 wretchedly poor pastures milch cows are seldom, in ordinary farming, allowed cotton 

 cake, maizo meal, or anything else supplementary, although the milk they yield is 

 appropriated to butter-making. A farmer of the advanced school said a little time 

 since, "I cannot afford to let my cows which yield milk feed on grass alone," utter- 

 ing these words because he saw that parsimony in their feeding would be the greatest 

 possible extravagance. A similar rule applies almost throughout the entire domain 

 of farm husbandry, for not only the most liberal feeding, but bountiful manuring and 

 highest management, will be found in most cases to bo attended with the greatest 

 economy. 



This feeding I have no doubt will astonish the American farmer, bufc 

 it has made the English cattle " blooded cattle." The following, relat- 

 ing to the same subject, will further demonstrate the importance of this 

 subject. It admits the Americans who are in search of English catttlo 

 behind the scenes, as it were. 



A CAUTION TO GALLOWAY BREEDERS. 



Galloway breeders havo special reasons at the present time why they should be 

 careful to leave uncastrated only such beasts as will do credit to the breed. While 

 some American stockmen havo begun to purchase Galloways on the well-founded idea 

 that they are especially adapted to their severe and variable climate, yet the reputa- 

 tion of the breed as a beef-producing race of cattle has yet to be fairly and widely es- 

 tablished on the other side of 1 he Atlantic.* In many instances owners of ranches are 

 only making inquiries regarding them, and if inferior specimens, especially bulls, are 

 exported, the ultimate success of the breed will bo seriously injured thereby. They will 

 be judged by the samples that aro sent out, and if these compare unfavorably witli 

 tho Shorthorns, Herefords, Polled Angns, and other varieties witb which they aro al- 

 ready acquainted to some extent, the reputation of the Galloways will suffer in a pro- 

 portionate degree. Let owners of herds retain as bulls only those calves whose per- 

 sonal merit is good. Apart from the question of personal merit, i t" too many are kept 

 the market will bo overstocked and prices will be affected thereby. When once the 

 reputation of tho breed has been firmly established in tho Western States, it will bo 

 impossible to produce too many, provided they are personally of sufficient merit, for 

 tho plains to bo stocked are practically illimitable. But in the mean time this state 

 of matters has not yet been reached. 



Moreover, breeders of pedigree Galloways musfc make up their minds to feed their 

 young cattle much more liberally than most of them have been in the habit of doing. 

 And this remark applies to heifers as much as, if not even more so than, to bulls. In 

 regard to the latter, it has long been known that if calves were not extra well kept 

 they would not bo fit for service when yearliugs, and hence, not being marketable at 

 that age, a whole year's keep of them was lost. This fact insured bull calves being 

 fed liberally in almost every instance. But, with comparatively few exceptions, heif- 

 ers havo been very sparingly fed. It has not been customary to have Galloway 

 heifers dropping their calves until they aro three years of age, and this has afforded 

 ample time to bring them to maturity by slow degrees. But the circumstances are 

 now entirely different. Breeders of pedigree Galloways must look to the American 

 market for purchasers. It is not probable that American stockmen will put Galloway 

 heifers to breeding purposes at an earlier age than is done in this country, but ic must 

 bo borne in mind that when our Blackskins are taken to the other side of the Atlantic 

 they are put alongside of animals of other beef-producing breeds of the same age, and 

 if they are not as well grown and as forward generally as these, their reputation can- 

 not but suffer in a corresponding degree. 



The broods with which they are brought into comparison in this way are the short- 

 horn, tho Hereford, and tho Polled Angus. Every one of these has'been liberally 

 fed, and even pampered, and therefore it is a severe ordeal to which the Galloways 

 havo to bo subjected in this respect. If, therefore, the breeders of the south coun- 

 try Blackskins are to do justice to their favorites, and, indeed, if they are to be true 

 to their own interests, they must adopt a much more liberal system of feeding, and 

 that, too, from the very first, than has hitherto been customary among the rank and 



