162 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



A good cow has been known to yield 14 pounds of butter per week at 

 grass; and also one gave 55 pounds of milk, yielding 2 J pounds of but- 

 ter per day, but this is of rare occurrence. 



Product. 



Quantity. 



Meat pounds.. 



Milk.. do.... 



1,770 

 9,500 



Labor : Lirtlo or none. 



Mctlwd of housing : Open yards during winter, vrith u runout by day ; summer out in rough pasture. 



feeding: Hay, straw, and roots in winter; rough, pasture in summer. 



Breeding : Heifers have calves at two and a half years, and continue to breed till they are old. 



Grasses : Clover, rye-grass, meadow, fox-tail, and English natural grasses. 



The following is a record of the live weights of the fatted cattle of 

 this breed : 



No. 1 ox (represented in the sketch) is the property of Mr. J. Price and 

 was the winner of theElkiugton challenge cup, which has never been 

 done except by this Hereford. He is the true type with the markings 

 for the Hereford. 



Price. At the recent total dispersion by auction of two old estab- 

 lished herds the average price was just $375, including cows, bulls, 

 and suckling calves. At one sale the leading bull sold for $4,139 ; at 

 the other sale 12 two-year-old heifers averaged $652 each ; the highest 

 priced cow was $1,329. There were 117 animals in one sale and 91 in 

 the other. 



The soil of Herefordshire is various, from clay to light sandy soil, 

 much of which is of inferior quality. 



The substratum is principally limestone, clay, and gravel. 



The temperature at the altitude of 100 to 300 feet above sea-level is 

 in summer 60; in winter, 39; the mean during the year, 49. 



RED-POLLED CATTLE. 



This breed of cattle is found principally in the counties of Norfolk 

 and Suffolk*, and its history can be carried far back into the last cent- 

 ury. Formerly there were two varieties, and it is only since the year 

 1846 that the amalgamation of the two varieties, previously known as 

 the Norfolk Polled and Suffolk Polled, has taken place, and the breed is 

 at present known as the Suffolk and Norfolk Polled. Many of the old 

 Suffolk Polled cattle were much more massive than the Norfolk, and 

 this characteristic is yet in evidence. They could easily be picked out 

 frern a collection by the comparative coarseness at the head, a difference 

 which is now but seldom manifest. In other points there were few di- 

 vergencies in character between the two varieties. 



