200 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



light, rocky, with poor herbage. The narrow valleys have sweeter food. 

 Towards the sea there are great belts of barren sand. The climate is 

 moist and the district greatly exposed to continued winds and humid 

 vapors from the Atlantic. There are a few tracts of useful land, but 

 throughout the fertility is very moderate. The Ayrshires at one time 

 were used in our London dairies, but have been relinquished in favor of 

 the Yorkshire or Tees water Shorthorn. They did not come to the 

 weight and condition after foiling to be profitable for milk, and, there- 

 fore, are supplanted by animals better adapted to the system of milking 

 and feeding simultaneously. Although the Ayrshires are very valuable 

 dairy stock in their native homes, and it is not satisfactorily settled as to 

 whether they do not pay best on medium and poor herbage, in some 

 cases it has been found that when transported to genial soil and climate 

 they begin to lay on flesh and do not increase in milk in a corresponding 

 degree. Although of long standing, it was late in being prominently 

 brought before the public as a defined breed, and the high qualities pos- 

 sessed thereby are due to the admixture of Teeswater and Jersey 

 blood which has been introduced to their country. The great similarity 

 existing between the Jersey breed and the Ayrshire is in the color of 

 skin, horns, and dairy properties. The general resemblance of form is 

 so great that a Jersey cow might easily be mistaken for an Ayrshire. 

 The bull calves of this breed are mostly sold for veal. No breed receives 

 more attention than this does by its admirers to keep intact and type 

 all its properties. These animals carry the neatest*bag ami best formed 

 teats of any breed. They do not carry a brilliant color, being a dingy 

 red and white. When dry they feed well. Their greatest drawback is 

 want of substance for general purposes, but there is no just reason why 

 this breed cannot be greatly improved and all defects removed. 



Pounds. 



Dead weight of matured heifer or cow fed in the ordinary way for market . . 560 



Milk: Annual average weight 6,000 



To 1 pound of butter : 



To 1 pound of cheese 9 



Soil. Loam, clay and sand. 

 Climate. Mean temperature, 48. 8. 

 Color. Dingy red and white. 

 An old established dairy breed of Teeswater and Jersey mixture. 



THE JERSEY. 



The Jersey is distinguished as producing rich milk, fine colored and 

 delicate flavored butter, for which luxury they are often kept as lady- 

 pets in private families, but are only partially used in regular dairies 

 to give a little coloring to the dairy products. They are to be found 

 throughout the United Kingdom for the same purpose. Color pale red 

 and white, but the smoke or silver-gray color is -preferred; skin of 

 orange-yellow, which is an indication of rich milk ; small sized and of 

 delicate constitution. They are not prepossessing in form, and are awk- 

 ward of gait, but very docile. The surplus bull calves are fed for veal ; 

 the heifers are kept for the dairy and breeding purposes. Therefore, lit- 

 tle can be said for the beef. Any improvement that may arise from cross- 

 ing will be due to the new infusion. It would take many generations 

 of careful culture to permanently unite and establish those essential 

 properties in such a degree as to commend them to the public as profit- 

 able beef and butter machines. They are more fitted for amateur farm- 

 ers and opulent families, than for ordinary dairy purposes, as when they 

 have done milking there is little to carry to the reserve fund. The 



