210 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



rigorous, and can adapt themselves to most all climates. They are uni- 

 formly black in color. When well fed they mature at from 24 to 28 

 months. The average weight of 2J-year-old steers is about 1,000 pounds 

 dead weight, and will bring in the Scotch and English markets from 

 $150 to $200 each. They are more particularly distinguished as beef 

 producers than for being suitable for the dairy, being only fairly good as 

 milkers. They are bred and raised extensively in the northeast of 

 Scotland. 



Mr. Barclay, member of Parliament for Forfarshire ; Mr. John nanny, 

 of Gavenwood, Banif ; Mr. Hume, near Brechir j Mr. T. M. Nicpll, of 

 Littleton, Kirriemuir, and several others have paid great attention to 

 the breeding of Polled Angus, and have now excellent herds of these 

 cattle. 



The bull shown in lithograph No. 1 is Prince of the Eealm, bred by 

 Mr. Ferguson at Kinochtry, now the property of Mr. John Hannay, of 

 Gavenwood, Banff, Scotland. This bull while in the possession of the 

 breeder gained a first prize at the Highland Society's show at Kelso in 

 1880, as a two-year-old, and the first prize at the same society's show 

 at Glasgow in 1832, besides a number of champion prizes in minor 

 shows. At Glasgow, at the age of four years and fourteen days, he 

 weighed 2,600 pounds, with a heart girth of 8 feet 5 inches. Since he 

 passed into Mr. Hannay 's possession he has gained other prizes and 

 champion plates. He has been spoken of as one of the best Polled 

 Angus bulls which has been seen for years. 



THE POLLED GALLOWAY BREED. 



This breed is black and polled like the Angus, but in disposition and 

 maturing properties it more resembles the West Highlander. 



The Galloways may be described as the cattle of the Southern High- 

 lands, while the West Highland cattle occupy the northern Highlands 

 of Scotland. 



The following interesting report on Polled Galloway cattle was pre- 

 pared for me by the council of the Galloway Society of Great Britain : 



POLLED GALLOWAY BREED. 



[Report prepared by the council of the Galloway Cattle Society of Great Britain for Consul Wells, of 



Dundee.] 



Tliis breed of polled cattle took its name from the province of Galloway, which 

 now comprises the two southwestern counties of Scotland. Pedigreed herds of this 

 breed are principally kept in Galloway and Dumfries-shire, in Scotland and in Cum- 

 berland, the most northwesterly county of England. The origin of the Galloways is 

 lost in the mist of antiquity. An allegation has never been made in any well-informed 

 quarter that they are not an original and distinct breed of cattle. From time imme- 

 morial they have been polled or hornless. There is a tradition mentioned by some 

 writers that in remote ages they were provided with horns, but it is nothing more 

 than a tradition, for in the earliest notices of the breed, centuries ago, there is no allu- 

 sion made to there being horned. So emphatically are they a hornless breed that it 

 is a certain mark of an animal not being a pure Galloway it' it has the smallest trace 

 of horns. The Galloway breed of cattle was improved as early as if not earlier than 

 any other breed of British cattle. Immediately after the union of England and Scot- 

 land an extensive demand sprang up from the southeastern counties of Eugland for 

 Galloway cattle, and this induced the breeders to make great efforts to improve their 

 bovine stock, in which they were very successful. This improvement was brought about 

 not with crossing with other breeds, but in breeding from tho best and handsomest 

 of both sexes, and by feeding and management. The improvement effected during 

 the present century has been great, and it has been brought about by the same means, 

 namely, by systematic and skillful mating of the best specimens of both sexes, and 



