296 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



the weight of hide, tallow, and percentage of dressed to live weight in 

 the case of each animal : 



From statistics furnished to Mr. Page, superintendent of the Anglo- 

 Swiss Condensed Milk Company at Cham, it appears that the average 

 weight of dressed meat derived from oxen of the Brown Schwytzer race 

 is 850 pounds. An ox of this race weighing alive 1,650 pounds should 

 yield 880 pounds of salable moat, or 53 per cent, of the live weight. 

 Swiss cattle, particularly of the Brown race, are rarely thoroughly fat- 

 tened, and many of the animals sent to the butcher are discarded cows. 



ARTIFICIAL FEEDING. 



^The subject of artificial feeding is too elaborate and unsettled to bo 

 fully discussed in this report, and the materials used here differ so 

 greatly from those used in the United States that this comparison loses 

 much of its practical importance. By far the greater number of Swiss 

 farmers feed nothing but cut grass and hay at all seasons. 



Artificial feeding, of course, increases the quantity of milk, particu- 

 larly in winter, but most Swiss assert that it injures its quality. 



THE FEEDING- OF CALVES. 



In the raising of calves the best approved method recommends, as the 

 daily portion of food, 3 liters (quarts) of milk during the first week, 4J 

 quarts daily during the second week, quarts during the third week, 

 7-J during the fourth, and thence to the eleventh week 9 quarts per day! 

 During the fourth week the use of corn or oat meal is begun ; also oats 

 in the kernel, commencing with a half pound per day, which is gradually 

 increased to a daily portion of 1J pounds of corn or oat meal, and also 

 the same quantity of oats and a like weight of dry hay, and this regi- 

 men is maintained until the calves are six months old, when they may be 

 treated as adult cattle. 



TRANSPORTATION OF SWISS CATTLE TO THE UNITED STATES. 



Live cattle are not generally regarded as really desirable freight on 

 the first-class passenger steamships, and the rates charged by them for 

 such transportation are high. The North German Lloyd line charges 

 $100 per head from Bremen to New York, and $80 per head from Bre- 

 men to Baltimore. These rates include food and water for the animals 



