SWITZERLAND. 307 



The Toggenbnrg breed is distinguished by its dark-brown color, long 

 slim neck, shapely head, round, close barrel, and outstretched form, and 

 is reputed to give very rich milk. 



The Appenzell and Einseidelens have short thick necks, blackheads, 

 rather short bodies, and are of coarser nbercd flesh. 



The high Alps of East Switzerland, like the Berneroberland, have 

 a very small breed, which in some parts of the United States would be 

 considered of the "scrubbiest" order. They have short stubby legs, 

 small round barrels, thick coarse hair, and easily stand the cold bleak 

 winds and deep snows of the high Alps. They climb like goats, and 

 " grub "for subsistence on the. mountain sides and peaks where the 

 heavier cuttle could not go. These ugly little animals are also reckoned 

 as crosses to the Brown Schwytzer, but some writers place their origin 

 as distinct and anterior to all other breeds in Switzerland. They are 

 known as the Biindner, Le>iuer, and Kerens breed. They give very rich 

 milk and weigh from 400 to 500 pounds. 



There has of late years been introduced in the Engadine Mountains 

 a new and still smaller breed to take the place of goats ; their weight 

 is from 250 to 300 pounds. 



CANTONAL PRIZE SHOWS. 



The custom of all cantonal governments is to offer yearly and half- 

 yearly premiums for the improvement of the cattle breed of this coun- 

 try, and I only desire now to speak with special reference to my own 

 consular district. 



The canton of St. Galle makes a yearly appropriation of 20,000 francs 

 for the purpose of awarding premiums to the breeders of pure-blooded 

 cattle. The sum is classified as follows : 



Francs. 



Bulls 14,000 



Milch cows ".. 5,000 



Miscellaneous (handling cattle) 1, 000 



20,000 



As a rule, the large Brown Schwytzer carries off the prize. The Tog- 

 genberg breed, however, is a good show-animal, and it often becomes a 

 victorious competitor. The canton is divided into ten show-districts. 

 The judges take into consideration and decide on the following points: 



SCALE OP POINTS FOR BULLS. 



Points/ 



1. Head, fine and tapering 



2. Forehead, broad 



3. Cheek, small 



4. Muzzle, fine black, and ringed by light-gray color 



5. Nostrils, wide, high, and open 



G. Horns, smooth, clean, and not too thick, with tapering black tips 



7. Ears, light-gray, rather large and thick, with orange-color within 



8. Eyes, clear, full, and lively 



9. Throat, clean, neck powerful but not too heavy 



10. Chest, broad and deep 



11. Barrel, hooped, broad and deep, but little space between last rib and hip . 



12. Back, straight from withers to top of hip, thence straight to setting of tail. 



13. Tail, hanging down to hocks 



14. Hide, mellow and movable, but not too loose 



15. Hide, covered with fine, soft, dark-brown hair 



16. Fore-legs, short and straight, powerful fore-arras 



17. Hind-legs, short, straight, and not to cross in walking 



* The consul failed to supply the points in detail. 



