326 CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



In the plain toward Parma is the race known as Beggiaua or Par- 

 men se. This has been bred with much care, by selections from the best, 

 and is considered excellent for mixed uses, i. e., for labor, fattening, 

 and milk. In form, fineness, stature, and weight these animals are re- 

 garded as the type of the large races bred on the central plains of 

 Europe ; but the uniformity of the red coat, without marks, and the 

 thick, short-limbed body are considered proof of the acclimation of this 

 breed in Emilia in remote ages. Zoologists assert that it is descended 

 from the ancient hue Italico. South of the Taro, and extending beyond 

 Bologna, are cattle known as the Pugliese breed. 



PORTRAITS OF ITALIAN PRIZE CATTLE. 



I inclose cuts of animals exhibited at the national exposition held 

 at Milan in 1881, as follows : 



Bull Jupiter, belonging to the agricultural committee of Savigliano, of Pieclmontese 

 breed. 



Bull Pertinace, owned by Mr. Manara, of Asti, of Piedmont breed. 



Bull Adams II, one and a half years old, of the Chianina (Tuscany) breed for work.* 



Young bull Napoli, exhibited by the agricultural committee of Leudiuara, and of 

 Pugliese breed, for farm work. 



Bull Ghinassi, three and one-half years old, Pugliese breed, for work oxen. 



Bull Tigro, of Freiburg-Fruilana labor breed, two years and nine months old. 



Bull Maestoso, of Mantua labor breed, exhibited by the Agricultural Society of 

 Mantua, and awarded medal. 



Cow Mantova, of the Freiburg (Swiss) breed, eleven years old, from the estate of S. 

 Rossore, belonging to King Umberto. 



Heifer An versa, Holland breed, exhibited by the Agricultural School of Brescia, and 

 awarded gold medal. 



Fausta, five years old, Pngliese breed, exhibited by the Agricultural Society of Len- 

 dinara (Rovigo). 



Cows Minerva and Cole, of Brittany breed, awarded silver medal. 



DUNHAM J. GRAIN, 



Consul. 

 UNITED STATES CONSULATE, 



Milan, November 30, 1883. 



BUFFALO CATTLE OF TERRA DI LAVORO. 



REPORT BY CONSUL HAUaKWOUT, OF NAPLES. 



I have the honor to submit to the Department of State a report upon 

 the breed of cattle within this jurisdiction, in compliance with the re- 

 quests contained in the circular of the Department of State, dated July 

 18, 1883. 



The area of country included within the limits of this consular juris- 

 diction furnishes a race of cattle peculiar in its characteristics. By 

 far the largest and most important portion thereof is domiciled on the 

 plains lying to the north and east of the province of Naples, the so-called 

 u Terra di Lavoro," once called the " Campagna." This tract of land is 

 a vast plain of trachytic tufa, overlying beds of clay deposits, which, in 

 turn, rest upon a substratum of limestone. It is about 100 feet above 

 the level of the sea, and enjoys the same degree of mildness of climate 

 as the near province of Naples, that is to say, the mean temperature in 



* Transferred to report by Consul Crosbey, of Florence, concerning this particular 

 breed. 



