330 



CATTLE AND DAIRY FARMING. 



mand, and the surplus is exported mostly to France for butchering pur- 

 poses. During the first eleven months of 1883 there were exported from 

 Italy to France 96,000 head of cattle (between calves and beef), and a 

 like amount of sheep (between lamb and mutton). With the exception 

 of some corned-beef in cans, no meat or dairy product of any kind is 

 imported into this district from the United States. 



The last census of 1882 gave the following figures of the number of 

 cattle and of their adaptability in the four districts of Piedmont, re- 

 spectively : 



UNITED STATES CONSULATE, 



Turin, January 10, 1884. 



A. J. DEZEYK, 



Vice- Consul. 



CATTLE IN TUSCANY. 



REPORT BY CONSVL WELSH, OF FLORENCE. 



In reply to the circular issued by the Department of State, dated 

 July 18, 1883, 1 have the honor to submit the following report : 



The breeds of horned cattle raised in Tuscany are five in number, and 

 named respectively Chianina, Maremmana, Tiberina, Svizzera, and 

 Montanina. 



The Chianina, Maremmana, and Tiberina are descendants of the breed 

 called Podolico, or Pugliese, from Pnglia, in the south of Italy. The Sviz- 

 zera, or Swiss breed, originated at Lugano. Switzerland, and the last, or 

 Montanina, are hardy mountainous cattle of a nondescript origin. 



THE CHIANINA BREED. 



Thebreed called the Chianina, or the Yal di Chiana, is the most valued 

 in Tuscany for all purposes, whether for producing milk, beef, or pow- 

 ers of traction. A report on this breed was forwarded to the Depart- 



