SPAIN. 



Topography of tlio province of Cadiz, 



385 



NOTE. The annual rainfall at the observatory of San Fernando la given at G5G.03 mm (about 26 inches) 

 this being tho mean of ten years' observations. * During tho last two years the temperature of the soil 

 has been taken daily, pivin'g mean of temperature: At a depth of O.G3 10 17.6 centigrade; at a depth 

 of 1.30* 18.8 centigrade. 



Mean temperature^ 17.2 C. Summer, 23.1 C. Winter, 12.0 C., being results of 

 ten years' observations at the San Fernando Observatory, and believed to bo approxi- 

 mately correct for the coast districts and the lauds where altitude does not exceed 50 

 meters above sea-level. In the central districts, and up to an altitude of about 250 

 meters above sea-level, tho mean annual temperature is 15 centigrade ; on the higher 

 uplands, from 250 to 1,000 meters abovo sea-level, it is 12 centigrade. 



SOIL. Alluvial: There is some alluvial pasture on the Guadalote, tho Guadal- 

 quivir, and other minor streams ; this represents, however, but a very small percent- 

 age of tho total pasturage. Loam: There is but littlo of this kind of soil in the 

 province; tho district of Olvera includes some largish tracts of " clayey loam" de- 

 voted to pasturage. Clay and chalk : These soils are frequently met with in natural 

 meadows, especially in tho higher pastures, probably representing from 35 to 40 per 

 cent, of total grazing area in this province. Sandy. <$-o. : A largo portion of the nat- 

 ural pastures of this province has sandy or gravelly soil ; 40 to 45 per cent, is a fair 

 estimate of the percentage having such soil. 



Pasturage of Western Andalusia species most abundant in natural pasture, 

 ORDER LEGUMIN.E. 



TrifoUum pratcnsis: wild clover, red and white. 



Lotus corniculatns. 



Hedysarium coronarinm : French honey-suckle. 



Hedysarium honobriclius. 



Lathyrus silvcslris: wild vetch. 



Medicago sativa : lucerne. 



Medicago lupulina. 



ORDER GRAMINE^C. 



Avena fatua : wild oats. 



Poa trivialis : meadow grass, chiefly the rough-stalked variety, 



Lolium multijlonim: Italian rye-grass. 



Festucas : fescue grasses, many varieties. 



Bromus : brome-grass. 



Triticum repens : couch-grasp. 



Phalaris canaricnsis : canary-grass. , 



Car Una acaulls : carlino thistle. 



CULTIVATED GRASSES. 



Artificial pasture is very uncommon in this district, thought here and there experi- 

 ments have been made in that line ; such pasture here seems to require very damp 

 situations. In such spots clover (from American seed), with giant Italian rye-grass 

 (from English seed), have given very good results. 



A natural meadow, situate on undulating ground, near the river Guadalete, is es- 

 timated by its owner (a life-long agronomist) to have the following composition: 

 Wild clover, (Tri folium pratensis') about 10 per cent.; couch-grass (Triticum repcus) 

 about 60 per cent.; wild canary-grass (Phalaris canaricnsis) about 5 per cent.; Italian 

 H. Ex. 51 '25 



