TABLE OF CONTENTS XV 



CHAPTER V 



REDUCTION OF THE CHROMOSOMES, OO"GENESIS AND SPERMATOGENESIS 



PAGE 



A. Genera' Outline . ..,.'. 234 



1. Reduction in the Female. The Polar Bodies ....,. 236 



2. Reduction in the Male. Spermatogenesis . . . , . .241 



3. Weismann's Interpretation of Maturation 243 



B. Origin of the Tetrads 246 



1. General Sketch 246 



2. Detailed Evidence 248 



C. Reduction without Tetrad-formation . . . . , . . . 258 



D. Some Peculiarities of Reduction in the Insects 271 



E. The Early History of the Germ-nuclei . . . . ' > . . . 272 



F. Reduction in Unicellular Forms . . .277 



G. Maturation of Parthenogenetic Eggs . . 280 



Appendix 



1 . Accessory Cells of the Testis 284 



2. Amitosis in the Early Sex-cells 285 



H. Summary and Conclusion ....... f . . . 285 



Literature, V 287 



CHAPTER VI 



SOME PROBLEMS OF CELL-ORGANIZATION 



A. The Nature of Cell-organs . 291 



B. Structural Basis of the Cell ... 293 



C. Morphological Composition of the Nucleus . 294 



I. The Chromatin - 294 



(a} Hypothesis of the Individuality of the Chromosomes . . . 294 



(I)} Composition of the Chromosomes .,,,.. 301 



D. Chromatin, Linin, and Cytoplasm 302 



E. The Centrosome 304 



F. The Archoplasmic Structures . . . 316 



1. Hypothesis of Fibrillar Persistence 316 



2. The Archoplasm Hypothesis . -318 



3. The Attraction-sphere 323 



G. Summary and Conclusion ........... 3 2 7 



Literature, VI 328 



CHAPTER VII 

 SOME ASPECTS OF C\LL-CHEMISTRY AND CELL-PHYSIOLOGY 



A. Chemical Relations of Nucleus ana Cytoplasm ...,.. 330 



1. The Proteids and their Allies o . . .331 



2. The Nuclein Series 332 



3. Staining-reactions of the Nuclein Series ..* 334 



