AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 21 



1657. Florence, Accademia del Cimento. 

 1662. London, Boyal Society. 

 1666. Paris, Academic des Sciences. 

 1690. Bologna, Accademia delle Scienze. 

 1700. Berlin, Societas Kegia Scientiarum. This was the 

 forerunner of the K. preuss. Akad. d. Wissenschaften. 



The Royal Society of London, whose existence dates 

 from 1645, though not definitely chartered until 1662, 

 began the publication of its "Philosophical Transac- 

 tions " in 1665 and has continued it practically unbroken 

 to the present time ; this is a unique record. Following 

 this, other early but in most cases not continuous 

 publications were those of Paris (1699) ; Berlin (1710) ; 

 Upsala (1720); Petrograd, 1728; Stockholm (1739); 

 and Copenhagen (1743). 



For the latter half of the eighteenth century, when the 

 foundations of our modern science were being rapidly 

 laid, a considerable list might be given of early publica- 

 tions of similar scientific bodies. Some of the prominent 

 ones are: Gottingen (1750), Munich (1759), Brussels 

 (1769), Prague (1775), Turin (1784), Dublin (1788), etc. 

 The early years of the nineteenth century saw the begin- 

 nings of many others, particularly in northern Italy. It 

 is to be noted that, as stated, only rarely were the publi- 

 cations of these learned societies even approximately 

 continuous. In the majority of cases the issue of trans- 

 actions or proceedings was highly irregular and often 

 interrupted. 



In this country the earliest scientific bodies are the 

 following : 



Philadelphia. American Philosophical Society, founded in 

 1743. Transactions were published 1771-1809; then inter- 

 rupted until 1818 et seq. 



Boston. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, founded 

 in 1780. Memoirs, 1785-1821 ; and then 1833 et seq. 



New Haven. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 

 begun in 1799. Memoirs, vol. 1, 1810-16; Transactions, 1866 

 et seq. 



Philadelphia. Academy of Natural Sciences, begun in 1812. 

 Journal, 1817-1842 ; and from 1847 et seq. 



New York. Lyceum of Natural History, 1817; later (1876) 

 became the New York Academy of Sciences. Annals from 1823 ; 

 Proceedings from 1870. 



