124 HORSE AND MAN. 



resembles a wedge. Note, wlien the heel is elevated 

 by the calks, the coffin bone is pressed down into the 

 hoof, just as the human toes are squeezed into the 

 tip of the boot when high heels are employed. 



Human toes suffer considerably when thus treated, 

 but the horse must suffer much more, because the 

 vascular lamina are also sensitive, and are crushed 

 together by the weight of the animal. Moreover, 



FIG. 1. FIG. 2. 



HOOF WITH CALKED ATTITUDE OF HOOF, THE 



SHOE. SHOE BEING REMOVED. 



however greatly human beings may suffer when 

 wearing tight, high-heeled boots, they can at night 

 take off the instruments of torture, whereas the horse 

 enjoys no such respite from pain. 



Another drawback to calks is the loss of power 

 which they entail. When the hoof is tilted by the 

 calks, the weight of the body is thrown forwards, 

 and the muscles and sinews are strained in order to 



