THE ' GAG ' OR ' BEDOUIN ' BEARING-REIN. 207 



advantage which this rein possesses namely, that 

 when the horse is at rest, or when it is ascending a 

 steep hill, the driver can unhitch it. 



The other, invention is sometimes called the 

 4 Bedouin ' and sometimes the Gag.' The latter is 

 far more appropriate than the former, as no Bedouin, 

 even if he uses a cruelly powerful bit, and will wrench 

 the animal's jaw severely in executing the various- 

 feats of horsemanship in which those Arabs take a 

 pride, ever invented such a piece of machinery as the 

 Gag bearing-rein. 



The accompanying illustration is copied by per- 

 mission from the work to which reference has been 

 made. The original was taken from a photograph. 



In the first place, this rein is quite independent 

 of the driving bit, and has a bit of its own. The 

 rein is first attached to the head- stall, as seen at D. 

 Then it goes through a swivel attached to its own 

 bit, as is shown at c. Thence it passes through the 

 drop-ring at B, and then is hitched over the hook 

 attached to the saddle at A. 



Now let us see what is the effect on the horse. 



The small diagram which is appended to the 

 figure shows this rein as reduced to its mechanical 

 equivalent, and has the same letters. When a rope, 

 weights, and pulleys are arranged as seen in the 

 diagram, a force which is represented by one pound 



