348 INTELLIGENCE OF ANIMALS. 



his master by means of his eyes and his ears 

 and his tail, nay rather by every muscle of his 

 body." 



To test the existence and extent of intelli- 

 gence we must determine the capacity for com- 

 prehending thought. We recognize this capacity 

 in a child long before it can express itself in 

 language. Its dawn is seen as the infant learns 

 to associate certain articulate sounds with certain 

 persons, acts, or things, and to distinguish the 

 meaning of tones which encourage, restrain or 

 chide it. It is only after a twelve-month or 

 more of constant tuition, lovingly and intelli- 

 gently given, that our children begin to express 

 in language the thoughts which are awakened 

 by our words and acts, yet the comprehension 

 is as evident and the response as apparent, the 

 whole mental process being as perfect, long 

 before, The same test which proves the intel- 

 ligence of the child demonstrates its existence 

 in animals there is a similar power of compre- 

 hending the wishes expressed, by associating 

 certain articulate sounds with certain acts re- 



