58 BULL-DOG HEADS. [introd. 



subject may be found. Inasmuch as carp are largely bred in ponds on 

 the continent, there is in this case some suggestion that unnatural 

 conditions may be concerned, but this suggestion does not apply to other 

 cases of the same Variation. Otto, Lehrb. path. Anat., i. § 129, states 

 that in the ponds of Silesia such fish are not rare. See also Voigt, 

 Mag./, d. Naturk,, in. p. 515. 



Cyprinus hungaricus: specimen from the Danube similarly formed. 

 The forehead was protuberant and bulged in front of the eyes so that 

 its anterior border was almost vertical. The attachments of the 

 mandible are carried forward in such a manner that the mandible 

 itself was directed upwards almost at right angles to the body. [Good 

 figure.] Steindachner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1863, xm. p. 485, 

 Plate. 



[Several other types of Variation in the heads of Cyprinoids occur, 

 but cannot be described here.] 



Chub (Leuciscus dobula - cephalus) : specimen having anterior part 

 of head rounded "like a monumental dolphin." The body was normal, 

 measuring 33 cm. in length. Landois, Zooi. Garten, 1883, xxiv. 

 p. 298. 



Minnow (Phoxinus kevis) specimen having a snout like a pug 

 ("museau du mopse") [no description]. Lunel, Poiss. du lac Le man, 

 p. 96. 



Mullet (Mugil capito) : specimen having both jaws directed 

 upwards, and the upper and anterior parts of the skull greatly 

 elevated and protuberant : the appearance of the head was like that 

 of a pug dog. Full measurements given. Canestrini, R., Atti della 

 ' soc. Ven. — Trent, di. sci. nat. in Padova, 1884, ix. p. 117 [Bibliography 

 given]. 



Pike (PJsox lucius) described as like a pug, ibid., p. 124; see also 

 Vrolik's Atlas, 1849, Tab lxi. fig. 6. 



Salmon (Salmo solar) : specimen having front part of face little 

 developed, the supra-maxillaries being asymmetrical. Lower jaw 

 projects far in front of upper jaw. Animal of fair size, and not 

 meagre. Van Lidth de Jeude, Notes from Leyden Mus., vn. p. 259, 

 Plate. [Curious malformation of S. trutta ibid.], see also Jahrb. Ver. 

 vaterl. Nat. Wiirtt. xlii. p. 345. 



Trout (S. fario) : several specimens having bull-dog heads were 

 taken in Lochdow, near Pitmain, Inverness-shire. Heads short and 

 round ; upper iaw truncated like a bull-dog. This variety does not 



Fig. 0. Bull-dog-headed Trout after Carlet. 



