184 MERISTIC VARIATION. [part i. 



one on each side below them. The latter were concealed by the 

 pendent breasts. When the child was being suckled milk oozed 

 from each of the uppermost or axillary nipples, but from the 

 remaining six supernumerary nipples milk could only be extracted 

 by pressure. The flowing of milk from supernumerary nipples 

 when the child is at the normal breasts, has often been observed. 



A few references to cases exhibiting the several features above 

 mentioned may be of use. 



149. Bifid nipple, the same on each breast [plane of division not 

 specified]. Duval, Da Mamelon et de son aureole, Paris 1861, 

 p. 90. 



150. Two nipples on the same areola, bilaterally symmetrical. The 

 two nipples stood in the mammary line defined above. TiEDEMANN, 

 Ztsch.f. Physiol., v., 1833, p. 110, Taf. I. fig. 3. 



151. Cases are given by Charcot and le Gendre, Gaz. med. de 

 Paris, 1859, p. 773, in which an extra nipple was placed external 

 to the normal one ou the same breast. In one of these the extra 

 nipple had no areola. Leichtenstern (p. 253) in quoting these 

 cases, speaks of them as instances of supernumerary nipples on 

 the same level as the normal ones, but this is not expressly stated 

 in the original account, which does not, as I think, exclude the 

 possibility that the supernumerary nipples were above and external 

 to the normal ones. Two functional nipples with separate areola? 

 on the left breast, which nevertheless was not larger than that of 

 the right side, ibid. The same authors mention another case in 

 which such a second nipple had no areola ; the mother of patient 

 stated to have been the same. See also Sinety, Gaz. med, de 

 Paris, 1887, p. 317 (full description and measurements). In this 

 case the supernumerary nipple was placed below the normal one. 



152. A case in which three nipples were placed on each breast is given 

 by Paullinus, Miscell. Curios., &c, 1687, Decur. ii. Ann. v. 

 Append, p. 40. The case is given on the authority of Prackel 

 and the three nipples are said to have been arranged in an equi- 

 lateral triangle, the normal being above at the apex, and the two 

 others at the same level below. The description and the figure 

 accompanying it do not however justify complete confidence in 

 this observation, and indeed the contributions of Paullinus to the 

 Miscellanea Guriosa contain so much of the marvellous that they 

 should not be accepted without hesitation. The same may be 

 said of the case of five nipples each having an areola quoted by 

 Percy and Laurent, Diet. Sci. med., xxxiv. p. 517, .<?. v. " Multi- 

 mamme." The authority for this case is a letter of Hannseus to 

 Borrichius, dated 1675. I have not found any observation of this 

 class of abnormality later than the seventeenth century, but it is 

 of course quite possible that cases may occur in which the nipples 

 are distributed on the breast otherwise than along the mammary 

 lines. 





