186 



MERISTIC VARIATION, 



[part I. 



*158. Two pairs of supernumerary mammae below the normal ones, 

 DE Mortillet, Bull, Soc. d'Anthrop., 1883, Ser. 3, VI. p. 458. An 



Fig. 31. Supernumerary mammae in the male, symmetrical and asymmetrical. 

 (After Leichtenstkrn.) 



important case of a man having two pairs of supernumerary 

 mammae on the mammary lines. There was a gradual diminution 

 in size from the highest to the lowest, the latter being a little 

 above the level of the umbilicus. Each pair was at the same level. 

 *159. Four pairs of supernumerary nipples (ten in all) are recorded 

 only in Neugebauer's patient, already mentioned. Three of the 

 supernumerary pairs were above the normal ones, and the other 

 pair below them. As seen in Fig. 29 the nipples of each pair did 

 not stand in the case of each pair at precisely the same levels, and 

 between those of the lowest pair there was a considerable differ- 

 ence of level, that on the left side being at some distance below 

 the normal breast, while that on the right side was on its lower 

 border. 



In a few cases the supernumerary nipple is described as having 

 been perpendicularly below the normal one, and it is likely that 

 such cases must be looked on as exceptions to the general rule 

 that the mammary lines converge posteriorly; but it is not impos- 

 sible that even in some of them the supernumerary nipple might 

 have been found to be rather nearer the middle line if this point 

 had been specially inquired into. 



The foregoing examples are given as selected illustrations of 

 the several facts, and for full lists of cases the reader is referred to 

 the works already mentioned. 



1G0. Of supernumerary mammae placed in parts of the body other than 

 the mammary line some mention must be made, though those of them 



