278 



MERISTIC VARIATION. 



[part I. 



Of the first class, there have been described cases of 



409, 



one, "I 

 two, I 



or 

 three 



r one, 1 

 right aortic | two, | 



renals -I three Vleft aortic renals. 

 associated with | or 

 I four 



In the commonest form, next to the normal condition of one on 

 each side, there are two on the right side and one on the left. In the 

 second commonest condition there are two on the left and one on 

 the right ; but among the forms with larger numbers, the greatest 

 number is more frequently seen on the left than on the right side. 

 In all these cases one vessel arises in the position of the normal 

 renal ; a second commonly springs from the aorta much lower 

 down, generally on the level of, or below the inferior mesenteric ; 

 the third when present; is at a very short distance above the 

 normal renal, very close to the supra-renal and on the level of the 

 superior mesenteric. Cases of five on the right are described by 

 Otto and Meckel, and other multiple forms are recorded by the 

 older anatomists. Macalister, A., Proc. Roy. Irish Ac, 1883, p. 

 624. 



Three renal arteries on each side, symmetrically placed (Fig. 

 73). In this case the posterior ends of the kidneys were united 





Fig. 73. Case of three renal arteries on each side combined with 

 kidney" (Man). (From Guy's Hosp. Rep.). 



horse-shoe 



across the middle line in the condition known as " horse-shoe 

 kidney" [see evidence as to Bilateral Series]. Guys Hosp. Rep., 

 1883, p. 48, fig. 



410. Ureters. Male. Four ureters emerging from the hilum of 

 each kidney. After proceeding about four inches they became 

 united, forming a pelvis from which sprang the proper ureter. The 

 hilum of the kidney was found to be occupied by a quantity of 



