DIPTEROCARPUS TURBINATES 41 



those of the genito-urinary tract, and is diuretic. It is also in- 

 dicated in bronchial catarrh and as a local application in ulcer. 

 The first to recommend the use of gurjun as a substitute for 

 copaiba was Sir W. O'Shaughnessy in 1838, and in 1852 this 

 property was confirmed by Waring with highly satisfactory re- 

 sults. Dr. Enderson of Glasgow employed it in cases that re- 

 ceived no benefit from copaiba, giving a teaspoonful t. i. d. in 

 emulsion. Dr. Rean also classed it as equal to copaiba in effi- 

 ciency. 



The daily dose ranges from 5—20 grams, in liquid or pill. 



The following is an excellent formula for an emulsion : 



Cinnamon water 125 grams. 



Sodium carbonate, crystals 2 " 



Balsam of gurjun 25 " 



Syrup of gum 25 " 



Sulphuric ether 2 " 



Mix and shake. 



Dose. — 6-12 large spoonfuls each day, for the declining 

 stage of gonorrhoea. 



In Burmah they extract the balsam by the following method : 

 A large hole is cut in the trunk of the tree and a fire is built 

 in this cavity and kept up till the wood of the trunk begins to 

 burn, by which time the oleo resin has collected in abundance 

 in the segments of bamboo placed to receive it. When the 

 exudate diminishes, fire is again placed in the cavity and one 

 tree may tolerate 2, 3 or even 4 of these cavities. The exu- 

 date on standing separates into 2 parts ; a solid called " guad " 

 which forms the lower layer, and a supernatant liquid which 

 is the balsam. It is dense, viscid and very fluorescent ; opaque 

 and gray-green by reflected light. It has an odor similar to 

 that of copaiba, is bitter and aromatic. Its density is 0.964. 

 It is soluble in benzine, in bisulphuret of carbon, chloroform, 

 the essential oils and less so in ether and acetic acid. It be- 

 4 



