42 THE MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE PHILIPPINES 



comes turbid and coagulates if it be kept at 100° for some 

 time and it solidifies at 200°, while copaiba remains liquid at 

 this temperature. 



A specimen of the balsam examined by Fliickiger con- 

 sisted of 54.44 parts semifluid resin and 45.56 volatile ma- 

 terial. Upon distillation it yields an essential oil, of slight 

 odor, straw-colored ; formula C 20 H 32 (Werner). If purified its 

 density is 0.915. It is soluble in amylic alcohol, scarcely so in 

 absolute alcohol. Hydrochloric acid colors it a beautiful blue. 

 The resin remaining after distillation, dissolved in alcohol 

 0.838 with the addition of ammonia, yields as a precipitate a 

 crystalline acid (gurjunic acid), C 44 H 64 8 , soluble in alcohol 0.838, 

 in ether, in benzol and bisulphide of carbon. It melts at 220° 

 (Werner), solidifies at 180° and is decomposed at 260°. 



Botanical Description. — A very large, handsome tree 

 with leaves about 5 r in length, alternate, ovate, broad and lanceo- 

 late, entire, glabrous and membranaceous. Petioles very short. 

 Flowers terminal, paniculate, handsome, fragrant. Calyx free, 

 5 lanceolate sepals, of which 2 are slightly longer than the 

 others. Corolla, 5 yellow oblong petals longer than the sepals. 

 Stamens numerous, attached to the receptacle. Filaments very 

 short. Anthers of 2 divisions each ending in a long beard. 

 Ovary half buried in the receptable. A single thick style. 

 Three simple stigmas. Seed vessel of 3 cells, seeds in pairs. 



Habitat. — In Luzon in the mountains of Tala, Angat and 

 San Mateo ; in Mindanao, Paragua, Balabac and Negros. 

 Blooms in June. 



MALVAOE-ffi. 



Mallow Family. 



Sida carpinifolia, L. (#. acuta, Burm.; S. stipulata, 

 Cav.; 8. frutescens, Blanco.) 



Nom. Vulg. — Wawalisan, Eskobaghaba, Pamalis, Higot- 

 balato, Mamalis, Tag., Vis., Pam. 



