

Ill 



Polytechnicnm of Brunswick ; in 18GG to Vienna ; in 1868 to Munich ; 

 in 1871 to Strasburg; in 1883 to Gottingen. 



He received the following orders and titles : 



When Professor in Wurzburg he was appointed Court Councillor ; 

 in 1868, as Professor in Bonn, he was appointed Privy Councillor ; in 

 1870 he received the Huygens Medal; in 1871 the Iron Cross; in 

 1873 the Order of the Crown, 3rd Class ; in 1879 the Order of the 

 Red Eagle, 3rd Class, and the Copley Medal : in 1881 he was named 

 Officer of the Legion of Honour; in 1882 he was appointed Doctor of 

 Medicine honoris causa in Wiirzburg ; in 1883 he received the 

 Poncelet prize ; in 1884 the Order of the Prussian Crown, 2nd Class ; 

 in 1885 the Bavarian Maximilian Order. During 1884-5 he was 

 Rector of the University of Bonn, and for six months was Curator of 

 this University. He took part in the academic education of Prince 

 William, afterwards Emperor of Germany. In 1887 he was invited 

 to be one of the Curators of the New Imperial Physical and Technical 

 Institution. In 1888, at the Investiture of the Order for Art and 

 Science, he was appointed Hereditary Knight. 



He received the following honours from Learned Societies : 



In 1857 Hon. Mem. Harlem ; in 1859 Hon. Mem. of the Engineers 

 of Scotland and Corresp. Mem. Erlangen ; in 1865 Corresp. Mem. of 

 the Institute of France; in 1866 Hon. Mem. Frankfurt-am-Main, and 

 Hon. Mem. Dublin and Corresp. Mem. Gottingen; in 1868 Royal Soc. 

 Loud. ; in 1869 Hon. Mem. Nat. Hist. Soc. Zurich ; in 1871 Elected 

 Mem. Munich; in 1872 Elected Mem. Pest; in 1873 Corresp. Mem. 

 Bologna and Elected Hon. Mem. Boston ; in 1875 Hon. Mem. Civil 

 Engin. Lond., Elected Corresp. Mem. Vienna, and Mem. Brussels ; in 

 1876 Corresp. Mem. Berne, Society of Arts Geneva, and Hon. Mem. 

 Nat. Hist. Soc. Basel ; in 1877 Elected Mem. Gottingen ; in 1878 

 Elected Mem. Stockholm, Elected Mem. Naples and St. Petersburg; 

 in 1879 Mem. Halle Natural Hist. Soc. and Elected Mem. Ling. ; in 

 1882 Corresp. Mem. Milan, Corresp. Mem. Turin, and Hon. Mem. 

 Mech. Eng. New York ; in 1883 Elected Mem. Washington, Hon. 

 Mem. Erlangen, and Foundation Mem. Internat. Soc. of Electricians; 

 in 1884 Corresp. Mem. Cherbourg and Corresp. Mem. Lucca ; Hon. 

 Mem. Manchester, Mem. Amsterdam ; in 1887 Hon. Mem. Brunswick, 

 Hon. Mem. Hamburg, Ordinary Mem. Upsala ; in 1888 Mem. Edin. 



In his scientific work Clausius investigated the general mechanism 

 of Nature rather than particular applications of the principles he 

 discovered ; he was constructively synthetical rather than analytical. 

 It is remarkable how he was led by dim previsions, as when his 

 theory of gases influenced his views on heat when his gas theory was 

 yet quite imperfect ; his greatest work is grouped round his insight 

 into molecular structure. The other great branch of his work is 

 connected with electromagnetic theory. As in the theory of heat, he 



