1891.] Organisation, and Classification of Fossil Reptilia. 519 



first vertebra. The processes for articulation with the dorsal ribs 

 have elongated facets, which are rarely divided into diapophyses and 

 parapophyses. The sacrum, includes four vertebrae, of which the first 

 is sacro-lumbar and the last two sacro-caudal. Chevron bones are well 

 developed along the tail. 



The shoulder girdle is placed far forward ; the precoracoid, cora- 

 coid, and scapula are anchylosed together. The scapula is expanded 

 and elongated, extending backward towards the ilium. The clavi- 

 cular arch includes five bones. The interclavicle has a descending 

 median bar, which expands transversely between the coracoids ; its 

 transverse bar unites with the clavicles, which rest upon the scapulae. 

 They only extend half-way along the length of the superior margins 

 of the scapulce. Beyond that point is another pair of bones which 

 represent the supraclavicles, as in Fishes and Labyrinthodonts. 



The pelvis is entirely Mammalian in form. The pubes are almost 

 entirely behind the iliac bones, and unite with the ischia to form a 

 continuous sheet of bone, the two sides being inclined to each other 

 and meeting in a ventral symphysis. There is only a small perfora- 

 tion through the pubis, and no perforation between the pubis and 

 ischium, as in Mammals. The transverse processes from the four 

 sacral vertebrae meet the expanded blade of the ilium along its length 

 on each side. 



The limbs are massive and short ; the femur shows characters 

 which have previously been regarded as belonging to the humerus. 

 The distal end of the bone is perforated. The lesser trochanter is 

 strongly developed. The tibia is large and massive, and the fibula 

 slender. These bones are much shorter than the femur. The os 

 calcis is of large size, and articulates with both the fibula and tibia ; 

 the astragalus is small. The tarsal bones of the distal row are small 

 and separate ; their relations to each other not definitely determined. 

 The metatarsal bones are strong and short; the phalanges are short, 

 and terminate in massive, long, flattened claws. In the fore-limb the 

 humerus is greatly expanded at both ends with a large deltoid crest. 

 The condyles of its distal end are well rounded ; the radius is short 

 and massive ; the ulna expands at its proximal end, and is produced 

 according to the Mammalian plan so as to receive the distal end of 

 the humerus. The carpus is imperfectly known. The digits were 

 stronger than those of the hind limb, and terminated in similar claws. 



The specimens show that in characters of the teeth and mandible 

 there is nothing to distinguish Anthodon from Pareiasaurus ; and 

 that the genus Propappus apparently has no existence, being founded 

 on a femur. One species is named Pareiasaurus Sainii, another is 

 Pareiasaurus Hussauwi. 



All the affinities hitherto attributed to Pareiasaurus with Labyrinth- 

 odonts, Anomodonts, Procolophon, and Mammals are shown more 



