222 Anniversary Meeting. [IX' ov. 30, 



his own direction, and containing many articles written by himself. 

 He died, on May 29th, at the age of sixty-seven. 



Sir John Hawkshaw was undoubtedly one of the greatest engineers 

 of this century. At the age of twenty-one he was appointed to 

 take charge of important mining works in Venezuela, where he 

 remained for three years, chiefly occupied in improving the naviga- 

 tion of the River Aroa for flat-bottomed boats employed to carry 

 away the produce of the St. Felipe copper mines. Repeated attacks 

 of fever and ague compelled him to return to England, but not until 

 after many of the English miners employed under him, chiefly picked 

 men from Cornwall, and several of the medical attendants of the 

 station, had died from the effects of the unhealthy climate. The 

 house in which he lived at the mines still exists, and bears his name. 

 Soon after he left, all its inhabitants were murdered ; and it has 

 remained uninhabited ever since. From his return to England in 

 1834 until a few years before his death Hawkshaw was successfully 

 occupied in the design, and in superintendence of the execution, of 

 great engineering works ; and in advising the Government, muni- 

 cipal corporations, and other public bodies, upon every variety of 

 engineering questions. He early made his mark in engineering 

 science and practice in respect to two important questions. In 1838 

 he reported to the Great Western Railway Company strongly against 

 maintaining their broad gauge, and advocated a uniform gauge 

 throughout the country; a few years later, in a keen contest of 

 opinion against Robert Stephenson, he urged the practicability and 

 advantageousness of introducing steeper gradients. The soundness 

 of his views on both these questions is now generally admitted : and 

 the introduction of steeper gradients, in consequence of his advocacy, 

 led to a rapid extension of railways in all parts of the world. He 

 was President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1862-63, and 

 President of the British Association at Bristol in 1875. He died, on 

 June 2nd, at the age of eighty. 



Sir Prescott Gardner Hewett was Professor of Human Anatomy 

 and Surgery in the College of Surgeons ; and became President of the 

 College as successor to Sir James Paget in 1883. He won high 

 reputation, also, as an artist. Even while most occupied in his 

 arduous profession as a surgeon, he took recreation in painting and 

 drawing with a persevering zeal and a high degree of success rare 

 among amateurs. He died on the 19th of June, at the age of seventy- 

 nine. 



Dr. Philip Herbert Carpenter was a member of the scientific staff 

 of the deep-sea exploring expeditions of Her Majesty's steamships 

 "Lightning" (1868) and "Porcupine" (1869-70); and in 1875 he 

 was appointed Assistant Naturalist to Her Majesty's ship " Valor- 

 ous," which accompanied Sir G. fares' Arctic expedition to Disco 



