314 Anniversary Meeting. [Nov. 30, 



These researches are published partly in the ' Philosophical Transac- 

 tions,' and partly in a long series of articles in the * Journal of Physio- 

 logy/ which have extended over several years. It is not too much 

 to say that these researches of Mr. Langley upon secreting glands 

 give him a claim to occupy the highest rank as a physiological 

 investigator. 



The other most important researches which Mr. Langley has pub- 

 lished have been (1.) Upon the central nervous system, including 

 especially an investigation into the anatomical changes which result 

 from central lesions ; (2.) Upon the sympathetic nervous system, 

 and particularly a number of researches, based upon physiological 

 methods, into its peripheral distribution to involuntary muscle and 

 glands. Mr. Langley 's eminence in those branches of physiology to 

 which he has mainly devoted his attention is universally admitted, 

 and has been publicly recognised by his having been requested more 

 than once by international assemblies of physiologists to investigate 

 and report on difficult cases submitted to them (vide ' Transactions of 

 the International Medical Congress,' 1881, and * Proceedings of the 

 Physiological Congress at Basel,' 1890). 



DAVY MEDAL. 



Francois Marie Raoult, of Grenoble, Correspondent of the Academy of 



Sciences. 



The accounts of Professor Baoult's researches on the freezing points 

 of solutions, and on the vapour pressures of solutions, form a long 

 series of papers which have appeared from time to time in the ' Comptes 

 Rendus ' and * Annales de Chimie,' from 1871 down to the present time. 

 Our previous knowledge of these subjects was only fragmentary and 

 disjointed, but he has placed it on a new footing, and established 

 general laws relating to the depression of the freezing points and 

 lowering of the vapour pressures of liquids holding other substances 

 in solution. These laws are of great importance, both to chemistry 

 and physics. Their validity is not disputed, and, while theories of 

 solution are much discussed, it is acknowledged that no theory can 

 stand which does not satisfy the conditions which Raoult, by an 

 induction from a very large number of observations on a great variety 

 of substances, has shown to be the order of nature. 



DARWIN MEDAL. 

 Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, F.E.S. 



Although the regulations relating to the award of this medal direct 

 that it is to be treated rather as a means of encouraging young 

 naturalists to fresh exertion than as a reward for the life-long labours 



