186 Prof. C. S. Sherrington. On Change* in the Blood 



(III). Disturbance of the numerical Ratios normal betvseen the 

 various kinds of Hcemic Leucocytes. 



Before Attempting to consider the nature of the upset produced in 

 the ratios normal between the various sets of leucocytes in the blood, it 

 seems necessaryto give some characteristics of the different sorts of 

 htemic leucocytes I have endeavoured to distinguish. The confused 

 condition of the terminology applied to the subject has led of late 

 more than once to the misapprehension of an observer's descriptions. 

 This I would hope to avoid by prefacing my summary with a short 

 account of the varieties of hemic leucocytes which I have studied. 



T have for the present confined the observations requiring the sort- 

 ing of the leucocytes to experiments on the dog and .cat. I wish it 

 to be understood that, except where distinctly otherwise stated, this 

 brief description is applied to the blood of those two species. 



The classification followed has been based on that by Wharton 

 Jones,* who was the first to discriminate varieties of white blood- 

 corpuscles in the blood, the " finely granular " and the '* coarsely 

 pranular." Some years later Rindfleischf and then Max SchultzeJ 

 corroborated Wharton Jones' separation of the -two kinds of cell, 

 and through the work of the last authority the distinction be- 

 came widely known. M. Schnltze noted besides the above certain 

 other " smallest " and " small " kinds of leucocytes. These I have 

 followed him in keeping apart from the " finely granular "of Whar- 

 ton Jones ; them, together with certain of the large leucocytes, I put 

 into a class recognised by all recent observers as scarcely at all 

 granular, and therefore conveniently termed "hyaline" (M. .Foster). 



'A. The Finely Granular Leucocyte. 



"Large or medium in size, rarely small. Nucleus almost alwaj 

 obscured when the living cell is spheroid and unstained, but obvioi 

 -when the cell is spread and crawling, or when half dead -or tinj 

 with nuclear dyes; the nucleus is usually polymorphous or poly- 

 merous, the lobes of it usually (almost invariably) united by bonds 

 chromatin. The irregularity of the nucleus is not a sign of repr 

 duction nor of degeneration. It is, as Arnold|| first suggested, and 

 number of later observers (Korschelt,^[ Dekhuysen,** Gulland,1 



* Op. eii. 



t ' Pathologwche Histologie,' 1861. 



I Of. cit. 



' Text-book of Physiology,' Part I, p. 47, Edition 6. 



' Archiv f. Mikroskopische Aimtomie,' vol. 30, p. 226, 1887. 



^ 'Zool. Jahrb., Abtheilung f. Anat. u. Ontogenie der Thiere,' TO!. 4, 1889. 

 ' Verbandlungen d. Anatom. Oesellschaft,' 1890. 

 ft ' Lab. Rep. Boy. Coll. Phys., Edin.,' yol. 3, 1891. 



