On Rocks and Minerals from the Karakoram Himalayas. 485 



In the descent from this pass over the Biafo glacier, a fgneissoid 

 granite was found on the right side at Snow Lake Gamp (the first 

 halting place), the structure striking 10 N. of E., dipping 60 

 northerly, then at "Ogre's Camp" (on the same side), and again at 

 Nambla Camp, near the lower end of the glacier, a fmicaceous gneiss 

 in the former place striking 5 E. of S.E., dipping 80 on the 

 southern side. From the left bank, at the foot of Latok glacier 

 (eastern angle), comes a fgranite, which, according to Mr. Con way, 

 forms the bulk of the debris. Moraine specimens are : granite (the 

 rock which " appears to form the needles "), fine-grained gneiss, and 

 two specimens of crystallised actinolite (these, however, may be only 

 vein products) (light side), and a slate (obtained a few yards from 

 Ogre's Camp). Thus the crystalline rocks along both the Hispar and 

 the Biafo glaciers appear to be generally granite or gneiss. The 

 strikes recorded, both in these districts and further west along the 

 Hunza, the Samaiyar, and the Nagyr valleys, seem to have a general 

 tendency towards a point between S.E. and E., roughly corresponding 

 with the direction of this part of the main chain. 



From the valley of the Biaho, rather west of the entrance of that 

 from the Biafo glacier, comes (near Askole) a fmica diorite, and as 

 loose fragments, garnetiferous (?) quartzite, two varieties of garnet 

 schist, one (water-worn) the black kind already mentioned, the other 

 containing chlorite and green mica, and a fine-grained sandstone. The 

 ascent to Skoro La pass (roughly south of Askole) gave a tn^ 081060118 

 gneiss. The specimens indicate that the rocks enclosing the Biafo 

 glacier correspond generally with those on the west side of the Hispar 

 Pass, and that the belt of sedimentaries, already noted as occurring 

 somewhere among the mountains on the left bank of the Hispar 

 glacier, possibly is prolonged into those on the right bank of the Biafo 

 glacier. 



A rather large valley descends into the Biaho Valley, carrying the 

 drainage of the Punmah glacier, and separated from the one occupied 

 by the Biafo glacier by a spur-like range of lofty mountains. The 

 western side of the extremity of this contains, fcrystalline dolomite 

 and a ffine-grained gneiss, the eastern side a fcrystalline limestone, 

 a fhornblende schist, a ffine-grained gneiss, and a f garnetiferous 

 mica schist. The strike of the dolomite on the one side, and of the 

 limestone on the other, is 11 S. of S.E., the dip being 40 towards 

 the south-west. Ascending the Biaho Valley above the junction with 

 that bringing the water from the Punmah glacier, Mr. Conway 

 obtained, just at the angle between them, a ffine-grained gneiss, 

 striking 5 E. of S.E., and dipping 70 on the south-westerly 

 side. Near the foot of the Baltoro glacier, above the camp, comes a 

 tgranite and a sandstone from the blocks in the bed of the river. 

 By this glacier on the north side were fgranite, a ffine-grained gneiss 



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