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he had in view was rather to trace, for the information of non- 

 biological readers, the successive stages through which that theory 

 has passed during the half-dozen years that it has been before the 

 reading public in England. Notwithstanding its polemical character, 

 it contains much that is of value and interest, particularly the com- 

 parison between the theory of heredity, submitted to the Royal 

 Society by Mr. Francis Galton in 1872, with the doctrine now advo- 

 cated by the great German naturalist. 



In conclusion, reference must be made to Romanes' numerous and 

 valuable contributions to the study of comparative psychology. On 

 this subject Professor Lloyd Morgan has been kind enough to furnish 

 the writer with some valuable notes. 



Romanes first became known as a writer on comparative psychology 

 when he delivered, as already mentioned, one of the evening lectures 

 on " Animal Intelligence," at the meeting of the British Association 

 at Dublin in 1878. His first published work with the same title 

 appeared in 1881. In it he set forth conclusions as to the mental 

 endowments of animals, which were founded partly on his own 

 observations, partly on those of other persons, which he had collected 

 from a great variety of sources. This preparatory volume was fol- 

 lowed in 1883 by a work on ' Mental Evolution in Animals,' in 

 which he lucidly and brilliantly set forth what he regarded as the 

 principles of the subject. Into this treatise were " woven " as quota- 

 tions certain notes given to Romanes by Mr. Darwin during his life ; 

 besides which " a part of Mr. Darwin's chapter on Instinct, written 

 for the * Origin of Species,' but afterwards suppressed for the sake of 

 condensation, " was added as an appendix. 



' Mental Evolution in Animals ' was followed in 1888 by an in- 

 stalment of a work on ' Mental Evolution in Man,' dealing with the 

 origin of the human faculty. It was the last work of the Mental 

 Evolution Series which the author was ever to complete ; but it was 

 his intention to widen the field of discussion at a later period. The 

 book encountered its full share of criticism. The author's views were 

 objected to, on the one hand, by those to whom the evolution of 

 human from animal intelligence was unacceptable, on the other, by 

 those who, on scientific grounds, were unable to accept Romanes' 

 interpretation of animal faculty. All, however, would be willing to 

 admit that, to quote the words of Professor Lloyd Morgan, " by his 

 patient collection of data, by his careful discussion of these data in 

 the light of principles clearly and definitely formulated, by his wide 

 and forcible advocacy of his views, and above all by his own observa- 

 tions and experiments, Mr. Romanes left a mark in this field of 

 investigation and interpretation which is not likely to be effaced." 



In the preceding paragraphs an endeavour has been made to give a 

 concise summary of Romanes' contributions to biological science. 



