INTRODUCTION. 



usually provided -withi a terminal pair of spurs, and the hind tibiae 

 with medial and terminal pairs ; the tarsi usually, and the tibiae 

 often, are more or less spinous, and the fore tibiae sometimes bear a 

 curved terminal hook : in the male the mid or hind tibiae often 



have a scent-brush contained in a groove. 



Fig. 3.— Legs of Moths. (From Packard's Guide, p. 231.) 

 2. Mid leg. 3. Hind leg. 



u. Ungues. 



p. Pulvillus. 

 sp. 1. Single anterior spur. 

 sp. 2. Paired medial spurs. 

 sp. 3. Two pairs of posterior spurs. 



1. Fore leg. 



c. Coxa. 

 f. Trochanter. 

 /. Fennir. 

 t. Tibia. 

 tar. Tarsus. 



The wings consist of two closely applied laminae of membrane 

 covered with scales or hairs which have their bases inserted in a 

 series of pits and overlap one another like tiles. The membrane is 

 traversed by a series of veins, which are tubular blood-vessels 

 containing nerves and trachese. 



The fore wing typically has 12 veins — the internal nervure with 

 three branches (1 a, b, c), 1 a being short and often forming a fork 

 at the base of 1 h, and 1 c usually obsolete ; the median nervure 

 with its two branches (2, 3); the radial nervure with three branches 

 (4, 5, 6); the subcostal nervure with five branches (7, 8, 9, 10, 11); 

 and the costal nervure (12) *. 



The hind wing has twelve veins, as in the fore wing, in the 

 MicropterygidcB and Hepicdida', the extra veins being numbered 

 7 a, 6, c, d ; in all the other families typically eight veins, the 

 difference from the fore wing consisting in the absence of four of 

 the subcostals, but one of them is probably represented by the bar 

 between veins 7 and 8 found in the Lymantriada', Sphingido', 

 Eitpterotida;, etc. t : almost any of the veins may be either aborted 

 or coincident with other veins. Beside the true veins, cross veins 

 between other veins, or veinlets between the costal nervure and 



* The American sy.stem of nomenclature for the median, radial, and subcostal 

 nervures is respectively the cubitus, media, and radius. 



t In a si^ecimen of the Pyralid subfamily EpijMschianfe, the bar which is 

 present on one side of the insect is represented on the other by a complete 

 extra vein. 



