

INTRODUCTION. XXV 



viscous, viscid, or glutinous, when cowred with a sticky or clammy exudation. 



scabrous, when rough to the touch. 



tuberculate or warted, when covered with small, ohtuse, wart-like protuberances. 



muricate, when the protuberances are more raised and pointed but yet short and 

 hard. 



echinate, when the protuberances are longer and sharper, almost prickly. 



setose or bristly, when bearing very stiff erect straight hairs. 



glandular-setose, when the setse or bristles terminate in a minute resinous head or 

 drop. In some works, especially in the case of Roses and Rubus, the meaning of setce 

 has been restricted to such as are glandular. 



glochidiate, when the setee are hooked at the top. 



pilose, when the surface is thinly sprinkled with rather long simple hairs. 



hispid, when more thickly covered with rather stiff hairs. 



hirsute, when the hairs are dense and not so stiff. 



downy or pubescent, when the hairs are short and soft ; puberulent, when slightly 

 pubescent. 



strigose, when the hairs are rather short and stiff, and he close along the surface 

 all in the same direction ; strigillose, when slightly strigose. 



tomentose or cottony, when the hairs are very short and soft, rather dense and 

 more or less intricate, and usually white or whitish. 



woolly (lanate), when the hairs are long and loosely intricate, like wool. The 

 wool or tomentum is said to be floccose when closely intricate and readily detached, 

 like fleece. 



mealy (farinose), when the hairs are excessively short, intricate and white, and 

 come off readily, having the appearance of meal or dust. 



canescent or hoary, when the hairs are so short as not readily to be distinguished 

 by the naked eye, and yet give a general whitish hue to the epidermis. 



glaucous, when of a. pale bluish-green, often covered with a fine bloom. 



174. The meanings here attached to the above terms are such as appear to have been 

 most generally adopted, but there is much vagueness in the use practically made of 

 many of them by different botanists. This is especially the case with the terms pilose, 

 hispid, hirsute, pubescent, and tomentose. 



175. The name of Glands is given to several different productions, and principally 

 to the four following : — 



1. Small wart-hke or shield-like bodies, either sessile or sometimes stalked, of a 

 fungous or somewhat fleshy consistence, occasionally secreting a small quantity of oily 

 or resinous matter, but more frequently dry. They are generally few in number, often 

 definite in their position and form, and occur chiefly on the petiole or principal veins 

 of leaves, on the branches of inflorescences, or on the stalks or principal veins of bracts, 

 sepals, or petals. 



2. Minute raised dots, usually black, red, or dark-coloured, of a resinous or oily 

 nature, always superficial, and apparently exudations from the epidermis. They are 

 often numerous on leaves, bracts, sepals, and green branches, and occur even on petals 

 and stamens, more rarely on pistils. When raised upon slender stalks they are called 

 pedicellate (or stipitate) glands, or glandular hairs, according to the thickness of the 

 stalk. 



3. Small, globular, oblong or even linear vesicles, filled with oil, imbedded in the 

 substance itself of leaves, bracts, floral organs, or fruits. They are often very numer- 

 ous, like transparent dots, sometimes few and determinate in form and position. In 

 the pericarp of Umbelliferae they are remarkably regular and conspicuous, and take 

 the name of vittce. 



4. Lobes of the disk (137), or other small fleshy excrescences within the flower, 

 whether from the receptacle, calyx, corolla, stamens, or pistil. 



