Compositce.'] composite. 167 



Ray yellow. 



Involucre imbricate in several rows 16. Solidago. 



Involucre of a single row of equal bracts, with or with- 

 out a few small outer ones 33. Senecio. 



Florets of the ray mostly with a small upper lip. Some of 



the others also bilabiate. Anthers with fine points or tails 



at the base (leaves all radical). 

 Involucral scales unequal, imbricate. Pappus reddish . . 35. Geebera. 

 Involucral scales nearly equal, with a few outer shorter ones. 



Pappus white 34. Farfugium. 



§ 5. Heads homogamous, the florets all ligulate and hermaphrodite. Leaves alternate. 

 Achenes tapering into a filiform beak, bearing the pappus at the 



top. 

 Involucre narrow, with few very unequal imbricated bracts . . 37. Lactuca. 

 Involucre many-flowered, of several nearly equal erect bracts, 



and smaller imbricated outer ones usually recurved. Achenes 



muricate 38. Taraxacum. 



Involucre small, of one row of erect equal bracts, and a few small 



outer appressed ones. Achenes ribbed, but not muricate . . 39. Ixeris. 

 Achenes not beaked. Pappus sessile. 



Involucre of a single row of nearly equal bracts, with a few small 



outer ones 40. Crepis. 



Involucral bracts unequal, imbricated 41. Sonchus. 



Tribe I. CYNAROCEPHALM. 



Leaves alternate, often prickly. Flower-heads discoid, the florets all tubu- 

 lar, hermaphrodite, and regular or nearly so, the lobes usually narrow. An- 

 thers usually fringed or tailed at the base. Style usually slightly swollen at 

 the base of the branches, which are narrow and obtuse, or slightly pointed. 



1. SAUSSUREA, DC. 



Florets all tubular and equal. Involucre imbricate, not longer than the 

 florets, the bracts not prickly, the inner ones the longest. Receptacle bristly. 

 Corolla regular, with 5 narrow lobes. Achenes glabrous. Pappus of several 

 plumose bristles united in a ring at the base, with a few outer simple or short 

 scales. — Perennial herbs, not prickly. Leaves alternate. 



A considerable genus, spread over the hilly regions of the northern hemisphere, chiefly in 

 the Old World. 



Leaves green, upper ones entire. Flower-heads numerous, in a dense 



corymb. Outer pappus of 2 to 5 deciduous bristles 1. S.japonica. 



Leaves white underneath, all lyrate or pinnatifid. Flower-heads few. 



Outer pappus of several minute scales , 2. S. carthamoides. 



1. S. japonica, DC. Prod. vi. 536. Stock perennial. Stem erect, 

 nearly simple, 1 to 1£ ft. high, sulcate, and slightly pubescent. Leaves green 

 and scabrous, or pubescent on both sides, linear or lanceolate, the lower ones 

 stalked and more or less pinnatifid, 3 to 4 in. long, the upper ones smaller, 

 narrow, and entire. Flower-heads in a dense flat terminal corymb, or, when the 

 stem is branched, dispersed in a number of smaller corymbs. Involucre ovoid, 

 about |- in. long, the numerous imbricate bracts all terminating in a little or- 

 bicular scarious coloured appendage. Achenes striate, slightly curved. Outer 



