Conifera.] conifers. 337 



secretions. Leaves stiff, in the Hongkong genera entire and subulate or linear, 

 in others sometimes short and scale-like or lobed or divided. 



An extensive Order, spread over the whole globe, although within the tropics chiefly in 

 mountainous districts. 



Anther-cells 2 to each scale in the males. Seeds 2 to each scale in the 



female cone 1. Pinus. 



Anther-cells 3 or 4 to each scale in the males. Seeds 3 to each scale 



in the female cone 2. Cunninghamia. 



1. PINUS, Linn. 



Male catkins closely imbricated, with 2 adnate anther-cells on the inside of 

 each scale, which is in fact the connectivum of the anther, and the catkin thus 

 really consists of imbricated sessile anthers. Female catkins short, consist- 

 ing of closely imbricated scales, with 2 ovules on the inside of each, the fora- 

 men turned downwards. Fruit a cone, consisting of more or less hardened 

 imbricated scales, each one covering 2 winged seeds. — Trees. Leaves linear 

 or subulate. 



A large genus, constituting the great mass of the Coniferce of the northern hemisphere, 

 only penetrating into the tropics in some mountain districts, and unknown in the southern 

 hemisphere. 



1. P. sinensis, Lamb. Pin. iii. t. 2 ; Endl. Syn. Conif. 153. A tall ever- 

 green tree. Leaves subulate, 6 to 8 in. long, 2 or sometimes 3 together 

 in scarious sheaths of 3 to 4 lines. Male catkins short, in dense spikes of 2 

 to 3 in., with broadly lanceolate very pointed brown scales under each catkin 

 and protruding beyond them. Cones ovoid, 1^ to 2 in. long ; the scales 

 thick, the summit broad, hexagonal or rhomboidal, flat, or with a transverse 

 obtuse protuberance. 



The most common tree in the island, Champion and others. Abundant also on the Chinese 

 continent and in Loochoo. 



2. CUNNINGHAMIA, Br. 



Characters of Pinus, except that there are 3 or 4 anther-cells to each scale 

 of the male catkins, and 3 ovules or seeds to each scale of the females. 



A genus limited to a single species. 



1. C. sinensis, Br.; Midi. Syn. Conif. 193. A lofty evergreen tree. 

 Leaves solitary, alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate, more or less falcate, very 

 pointed and usually pungent, about 2 in. long, coriaceous, smooth and shi- 

 ning, glaucous underneath on each side of the prominent midrib. Male catkins 

 erect in a small head, with a number of small imbricated scales or bracts at 

 its base. Cone ovoid-globose, 1 to 1| in. long; the scales concave, with a 

 thin edge, and rather spreading. — C. lanceolata, Bot. Mag. t. 2743. 



In the Happy Valley, in isolated specimens, Hance, Seemann. In S. China and Loochoo. 



