Carex.] cyperace^e. 403 



broad. Spikelets 3 to 5, each about 2 in. long, the terminal one male, the 

 others distant, androgynous, male in the upper half. Bracts sheathing, with 

 subulate leafy points. Utricles triangular, glabrous, many-nerved, narrowed 

 at the base, and tapering upwards into a long slender beak, the whole utricle 

 above 3 lines long. 



In the Happy Valley woods, Champion, Harland, Wilford. Not known out of the 

 island. The specimens appear always to dry almost black. 



8. C. Harlan di, Boott, Illustr. Car. 87, t. 255. Eadical leaves l£to 2 

 ft. long, and mostly 1 in. broad. Stems 6 in. to 1 ft. high ; the central ones 

 with long broad leaves, 1 or 2 lateral ones with only a few short leaves. 

 Spikelets 1£ to 2 in. long, usually 3 close together at the summit ; the ter- 

 minal one male, often rather shorter than the 2 next, which as well as a fourth 

 lower down are usually androgynous, shortly male at the top, the remainder 

 female. Glumes mostly rounded at the top, the keel projecting into a short 

 point. Utricles 4 to 5 lines long, narrowed into a stalk at the base, tapering 

 upwards into a long beak. 



Hongkong, Harland ; in the woods behind the Buddhist Temple and in a ravine at West 

 Point, Wilford. Not known from elsewhere. 



9. C. cryptostachya, Brongn.; Boott, Illustr. Car. 103, t. 310. Leaves 

 1|- ft. long or more, very stiff, rough, and glaucous, keeled, and full 3 lines 

 broad at the base, tapering upwards to long subulate points. Stems 6 in. to 

 1 ft. high, flowering almost from the base. Spikelets 6 to 10 or more, rarely 

 \ in. long and often much shorter, all distant, nearly sessile, androgynous, 

 male at the top. Bracts sheathing, with short leafy points. Glumes ovate, 

 acute or shortly pointed. Utricles about 2 lines long, 3-angled, many-nerved, 

 slightly pubescent, contracted at the base, the beak short. 



Hongkong, Harland, Wright, Wilford. In Penang and the Archipelago. 



Order CXXIII. GRAMINE^J. 



Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, in spikelets, without any perianth. Each 

 spikelet consists of 3 or more (very rarely 2 or 1) chaff-like concave glumes 

 (scales or bracts) arranged alternately on opposite sides of the spikelet, their 

 concave face towards the axis. Two (sometimes 1 or 3) lowest glumes empty 

 and often differently shaped from the others, the succeeding or flowering glumes 

 (lower palea of most authors), each enclosing a smaller scale or palea (upper 

 palea of most authors), placed either between the glume and the axis of the 

 spikelet, with its back to the axis, or nearly opposite the glume at the end of 

 the axis. Within the palea, or apparently between the flowering glume and 

 palea, is the real flower, consisting usually of 2 lodicules or minute microsco- 

 pical scales besides the stamens and pistil. The flowering glume and palea 

 are however generally included in the term flower. Stamens usually 3, occa- 

 sionally reduced to 2 or 1, or in some genera 6 or more ; anthers versatile, 

 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled, with 1 ovule. Style 2- or 3-lobed, or more frequently 

 divided to the base into 2 or 3 more or less feathery styles. Fruit 1 -seeded 

 and seed-like, called a grain or caryopsis, free or adhering to the persistent 

 palea, or enclosed in the hardened palea and flowering glume. Pericarp very 



2 D 2 



