FLORA OF CANADA. 13 



shrubs and herbs form an almost impenetrable tangle. This is especially 

 true where Salal (Gaultheria Shallon) or Devil's Club (Fatsia horrida) 

 are luxuriantly developed. 



Of trees characteristic of the valleys and the lowlands may be men- 

 tioned: Picea sitchensis, Alnus oregona, Acer macrophyllum, A. circin- 

 natum, Rhamnus Purshiana, and of shrubs: Salix lasiandra, S. sitchensis, 

 S. Scouleriana, S. Hookeriana, Berberis Aquifolium, Ribes Lobbii, R. brac- 

 ieosum, R. sanguineum, Rubus spectabilis, R. parviflorus, Rosa species, 

 Prunus species, Amelanchier florida, Osmaronia cerasiformis, Pyrus 

 diversifolia, Fatsia horrida, Gaultheria Shallon, Vaccinium parvifolium, V. 

 ovalifolium, Sambucus callicarpa. Although here classed as shrubs, 

 Prunus, Pyrus, Amelanchier and the willows often become trees near 

 the coast. 



The herbaceous vegetation is very richly developed. Of the great 

 number of species characteristic of the region may be mentioned: Adian- 

 thum pedatum, Lomaria spicant, Asplenium cyclosorum, Polystichum 

 munitum, Aspidium dilatatum, Equisetum Telmateja, Agrostis exarata, 

 A. microphylla, Trisetum canescens, T. cernuum, Deschampsia elongata, 

 Poa Howellii, Glyceria pauciflora, Bromus, Fescuta and Elymus species, 

 Carex cryptocarpa, C. dives, C. magnifica, C. macrocephala, C. Mertensii, 

 Lysichiton camtschatcense, Fritillaria lanceolata, F. camtschatcensis, 

 Erythronium giganteum, Maianthemum dilatatum, Trillium ovatum, 

 Asarum caudatum, Nymphcea polysepala, Trauvetteria grandis, Ranun- 

 culus occidentalis, Coptis asplenifolia, Achlys triphylla, Dicentra formosa, 

 Tiarella unifoliata, T. trifoliata, Tellima grandiflora, Leptaxis Menziesii, 

 Aruncus acuminatus, Oenanthe sarmentosa, Stachys ciliata, 



Vancouver Island. The interior and also the west .coast of Van- 

 couver island present, in general, the same botanical features as those 

 characteristic of the Coast range just described. The southeastern 

 part of the Island, however, is of a quite different botanical type. Here 

 the growth is influenced by the comparatively small amount of precipitation 

 and, as a result, the flora is ecologically more or less of a "dry belt" 

 type. In addition, it is characterized by a number of species which belong 

 to the Californian flora and occur nowhere else in Canada. Among the 

 plants characteristic of the southeastern part of Vancouver Island may 

 be mentioned: Hookera hyacinthina, Camassia Leichtlinii, Olsynium 

 grandiflorum, Hydastylus borealis, Quercus Garryana, Dentaria macrocarpa, 

 Thysanocarpus curvipes, Lupinus and Trifolium species, Sidalcea Hender- 

 sonii, Opuntia polyacantha var. borealis, Godetia caurina, Boisduvalia 

 densiflora, Gilia species, Scrophularia californica, Castilleja levisecta and 

 numerous others. 



Dry Belts of British Columbia. A few words may be said about 

 the most important dry belts of British Columbia, including the Okanagan 



