FLORA OF CANADA. 11 



spicuus, Erigeron speciosus, Artemisia discolor, Arnica foliosa, Senecio 

 lugens. 



Rocky Mountains Proper. The lower parts of the mountains are 

 covered with forest, composed chiefly of coniferous trees, viz.: Pinus 

 albicanlis, P. Murrayana, Pseudotsuga mucronata, Abies lasiocarpa. 

 In these woods, only a small number of shrubs occur, the most typical 

 ones being Pachystima Myrsinites, Rhododendron albiflorum, Men- 

 ziesia ferruginea, and, in open and springy places, Salix commutata, S. 

 Barclayi. Except along the edges, in open spaces and along brooks and 

 rivulets, the herbaceous vegetation of the Rocky Mountain forest is 

 rather scant. The principal species typical of the forest are: Clintonia 

 uni flora, Corallorhiza species, Epipactis Menziesii, Rubus pedatus, Pyrola 

 species and other members of the ericaceous family. 



On the grassy slopes above the tree-line the vegetation is very rich 

 in species, exhibiting the general characteristics of alpine vegetation. 

 As typical species may be mentioned: Phleum alpinum, Calamagrostis 

 purpurascens, Deschampsia atropurpurea, Poa paddensis, Poa Wheeleri 

 and other grasses, Erythronium grandiflorum, Claytonia lanceolata, Caltha 

 leptosepala, Aquilegia flavescens, Ranunculus Eschscholtzii, Leptarrhena 

 amplexifolia, Parnassia fimbriata, Epilobium Hornemanni, Pedicularis 

 bracteosa, P. racemosa, Valeriana Scouleri, Aster Engelmanni, Erigeron 

 salsuginosus, Petasites frigida, Arnica latifolia, Senecio triangularis, 

 Agoseris aurantiaca. 



Still higher up the apline flora is represented by a number of species 

 of which the following ascend to the snow line: Juncus Mertensianus, J. 

 Parryi, Salix nivalis, Claytonia megarrhiza, Anemone occidentalis, Draba 

 crassifolia, D. lonchocarpa, Smelowskia calycina, Physaria didymocarpa, 

 Arabis Lyallii, Saxifraga cosspitosa, S. Lyallii, Potentilla glaucophylla, P. 

 dissecta, Dry as species, Astragalus alpinus, Oxytropis inflatus, Viola 

 orbiculata, Phyllodoce empetriformis, Cassiope Mertensiana, Gentiana glauca, 

 Phacelia sericea, Myosotis alpestris, Castilleja pallida, Solidago ciliosa, 

 Aplopappus Lyallii, Erigeron aureus, E. jucundus, E. multifidus, Anten- 

 naria lanata, A. racemosa, Saussurea densa, Crepis nana, Hieracium 

 gracile. Here also grow a number of species which have their homes in 

 the Arctic zone, e.g., Festuca ovina var. brevifolia, Car ex rupestris, C. nar- 

 dina, Kobresia Bellardii, Silene acaulis, Melandrium alpinum, Cerastium 

 alpinum, Draba species, Cardamine bellidifolia, Potentilla nivea, Sibbaldia 

 procumbens, Saxifraga oppositifolia, S. cernua, Arctostaphylos alpina, 

 Androsace Chamo3Jasme. 



Selkirk Range. The Selkirks differ in many respects from the 

 Rockies. Whilst the latter may be characterized as a chain of isolated 

 mountains, the Selkirk range has more the character of a high level plateau 

 from which the peaks rise. For this reason there are, in the Selkirks, 



