154 CICHOEIACEAE. 



ligules linear to linear-oblong: disk-corollas 2 mm. long. Pinelands and ham- 

 mocks, L. keys, L. S. keys. [E. K.] (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) 



25. ERECHTITES Eaf . Annual herbs. Leaves alternate : blades toothed 

 or pinnatifid. Heads corymbose or paniculate. Involucres narrow or some- 

 what swollen at the base: bracts narrow, flat. Disk-corollas with triangular- 

 lanceolate or deltoid lobes shorter than the narrow throat. Filaments longer 

 than the anthers. Achenes ribbed. Pappus of many white bristles. 



1. E. hieracifolia (L.) Eaf. Plants 2-20 dm. tall, watery: leaf -blades spatu- 

 late-oblong to lanceolate, 5-20 cm. long, coarsely toothed, incised, or pinnatifid : 

 involucres 12-15 mm. long: bracts narrowly linear: corollas 8-9 mm. long: 

 achenes about 1.5 mm. long. Waste and cultivated grounds, U. keys, L. keys. 

 [E. K] (Bah., Cuba, Ant.) FIKEWEED. 



26. EMILIA Cass. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, but 

 often mostly basal: blades entire, toothed, or lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads solitary 

 or in lax corymbs. Involucres swollen at the base: bracts in one series and 

 without accessory ones at the base. Kay-flowers wanting. Disk-corolla golden, 

 purple, or red, with a cylindric throat and a slender tube, the lobes lanceolate. 

 Filaments slender. Achenes 5-ribbed. 



1. E. sonchifolia (L.) DC. Plants mostly 1-8 dm. tall: leaf -blades rather 

 succulent, those of the lower leaves spatulate, those of the upper leaves lanceo- 

 late to linear, auricled at the base, all sinuate- dentate : heads long-peduncled : 

 involucral bracts linear, 10-12 mm. long: corollas 9-11 mm. long: achenes 4 

 mm. long. Cultivated and waste grounds, U. keys. Nat. of the tropics. 

 [E. K.] (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) 



27. CIRSIUM [Tourn.] Hill. Caulescent large herbs. Leaves alternate: 

 blades toothed, lobed, or pinnatifid, usually spiny. Heads solitary or clustered. 

 Involucre with the outer bract at least spine-tipped or spiny-margined. Fila- 

 ments mostly pubescent. Pappus of elongate capillary bristles in several 

 series. / 



1. C. pinetorum Small. Stems 4-9 dm. tall, thinly pubescent: leaf -segments 

 with the terminal spines directed forward: inner bracts of the involucre 28-33 

 mm. long: corollas about 30 mm. long: anthers about as long as the filaments. 

 --Pinelands, L. keys. [E. K.] (Baft.) THISTLE. 



FAMILY 3. CICHORIACEAE. CHICORY FAMILY. 



Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, or partially woody plants. 

 Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or parted. Flowers perfect, all 

 alike, borne in heads. Corolla lignlate, the 1-sided limb often 5-lobed at 

 the apex. Stigmas unappendaged. Achenes flat or terete. 



1. SONCHUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs. Leaf -blades entire, toothed, 

 or pinnatifid, sometimes spiny-margined. Heads erect. Involucre ovoid, or 

 swollen at the base. Achenes flattened. Pappus deciduous. 



1. S. oleraceus L. Stems 1-18 dm. tall: leaf -blades lyrate-pinnatifid or 

 runcinate, with soft- tipped teeth: achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, scarcely margined, 

 striate and transverse-wrinkled. Pinelands and waste grounds. Nat. of Eu. 

 U. S. keys, U. keys, L. keys, L. S. keys. [E. K.] (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) 

 SOW-THISTLE. 



