42 



ALCOHOLS 



[13. 



(Parry, loc. cit. 993), in oil of Gar- 

 denia (Parone, Boll. Ch. Farm. 41, 489 ; 

 Ch. Centr. 1902, 2, 703), in Chinese 

 neroli oil from Citrus tnptera (Umney 

 and Bennett, Pharm. Journ. 69, 146), 

 and in oil of bergamot leaves (Schim- 

 meFs Ber. Oct. 1902; Ch. Centr. 

 1902, 2, 1207 ; Gulli, Ch. Drug. 6O, 



995)- 



The methyl ester of methylanthra- 

 nilie acid occurs in mandarin oil from 

 the rind of Citrus madurensis (Walbaum, 

 Journ. pr. Ch. [2] 62, 135) and from 

 the leaves (Charabot, Comp. Rend. 135, 

 580), and possibly in oil of rue from 

 Ruta graveolens (Schimmel's Ber. Oct. 

 1901; Ch. Centr. 1901, 2, 1007; see 

 also Houben, Ber. 35, 3587). 



Oil of jasmine from the flowers of 

 Jasminum grandiflorum contains methyl 

 anthranilate (Hesse, Ber. 32, 2616 ; 

 33, 1585; 34, 291; 2916; Zeit. an- 

 gew. Ch. 1900, p. 270; see also E. Erd- 

 mann, Ibid., and Ber. 34, 2281, and 

 Germ. Pat. 122290 of 1898: accord- 

 ing to Hesse the methyl anthranilate 

 does not pre-exist in the flowers in the 

 free state, Ch. Ind. 25, I : compare 

 Erdmann, Ber. 35, 27). 



Methyl cinnamate occurs in the oil 

 from the root, stems, and leaves of 

 Alpinia malaccensis (SchimmePs Ber. 

 April, 1899) and in wartara oil, pro- 

 bably from the seeds of Xanthoxylum 

 alatum axid.X.acant/iopodium (Schimmel's 

 Ber. April, 1900, and May, 1901). 

 Methyl benzoate occurs in oil of cloves 

 (SchimmeFs Ber. April, 1902) and in 

 ylang-ylang oil (Ibid. Oct. 1901 ; see 

 also Darzens, Bull. Soc. [3] 27, 83). 



The vegetable alkaloids cocaine, y, 8, 

 and t-isatropylcocaine from the leaves 

 of Erythroxylon coca; colchicine from 

 the seeds of meadow saffron, Colchicum 

 autumnale ; ricinine from the seeds of 

 Ricinus communis, and arecoline from 

 the nuts of Areca catechu are the methyl 

 esters of complex acid radicles. Me- 

 thysticin or kawain from kawa-root 

 (Piper methysticum} is the methyl ester 

 of methysticinic = 3 : 4-phenediol-i 1 - 

 heptylonic acid. Gummigutt resin, 

 the dried sap of Garcinia morella, 

 yields a gum which may contain a 

 methyl ester (Tassinari, Gazz. 26, 249). 



Many products obtained from lichens 

 appear to be methyl esters : 



Atranorin or atranoric acid = par- 

 melin from Lecanora atra, L. subfusca, 

 L. sordida and vars. glaucoma and 

 swartzii, L. campestris, L. thiodes, Cla- 

 donia rangiferina, C. rangiformis, Evernia 

 prunastri, E.ftirfuracea, E. vulpina, Par- 

 melia perlata, P. ceratophylla or physodes, 

 P. tiliacea, P. ciliaris (probably), P. 

 fuliginosa, P. aleurites, P. olivetorum, P. 

 saxatilis, var. phaotropa, var. sulcata, 

 and var. panniformis, P. stellaris, var., 

 P. speciosa, P. acetabulum, P. ompha- 

 lodes, P. perforata, P. nilgherrensis, 

 P. encausta, P. pertusa, Parmeliopsis 

 fiyperopta, Ramalina pollinaria, Placo- 

 dium saxicolum, var. compactitm, P. me- 

 lanaspis, Terecaulon sp., Physcia parie- 

 tina, P. ccesia, P. pulverulenta var. (3- 

 pityrea, P. endococcina, P. tenella, P. 

 aipolia, Anaptyckia ciliaris, Sphyridium 

 placopkyllum, Cetraria fahlunensis, C. 

 chlorophylla, C. complicata, Platysma 

 glaucum, Mycoblastus sangninarius. Ever- 

 niopsis trulla, Stereocaulon vesuvianum, 

 S. alpinum, S. corallo'ides, S. salazinum, 

 S. inerustatum, S. denudatum, var. genui- 

 num^ S. tomentosum, S. pileatum, S. con- 

 densatum, S. paschale, S. virgatum, forma 

 primaria, S. ramulosum, Hamatomma 

 coccineum, and vars. leiphamum and 

 abortivum, Urceolaria scrvposa, var. vul- 

 garis(?), U. cretacea (?), Puheraria (JLe- 

 praria) latebrarum, Slastenia arenaria, 

 var. teicholytum = Callopisma teicholy- 

 tum, Pachnolepia decussata. (For dis- 

 tribution, synonymy, and nomenclature 

 of these and other lichens see Paternb 

 and Oglialoro, Jahresber. 1877, 811 ; 

 Paternb, Gazz. 10, 157 ; 12, 256 ; Zopf, 

 Ann. 284, 174; 288, 38; 295, 222; 

 292; 297, 271 ; 300, 322; 306, 282; 

 313, 317; 317, 120 ; 139; 321, 37; 

 324, 39 ; Hesse, Ann. 284, 157; Ber. 

 30, 357; 1983; 31, 663; Journ. pr. 

 Ch. [2] 57, 232 ; 409 ; 58 > 465 ; 553 5 

 62, 321 ; 430; 63, 522 ; 65, 537 : the 

 view that atranorin is a methyl ester is 

 due to Hesse, Journ. pr. Ch. [2] 57, 

 232.) 



Physcianin = atraric acid = cerato- 

 phyllin, a product of decomposition of 

 atranorin, is /3-orcinolcarboxylic methyl 

 ester (Hesse, Ber. 30, 359 ; 1988 ; 



