14.] 



ETHYL ALCOHOL 



45 



den and Rowland, Trans. Ch. Soc. 79, 

 1227). 



Ethyl alcohol is contained in the dis- 

 tillate from rose leaves, but this may 

 arise from carbohydrates by fermenta- 

 tion (Eckart, Arch. Pharm. 229, 355 ; 

 Ber. 24, 4205 ; SchimmeFs Ber. Oct. 

 1892). 



Ethyl alcohol is found in the distilla- 

 tion water from the unripe fruit of 

 Heracleum giganteum (Gutzeit, Ann. 

 177, 344); from the fruit of H, sphon- 

 dylium (Moslinger, Ber. 9, 998; Ann. 

 185, 26) and of Pastinaca sativa and 

 Anthriscus cerefolium (Gutzeit, loo. cit. 

 372 ; 382), from the oil of the leaves of 

 Indigofera galegoules (SchimmeFs Ber. 

 April, 1896), and from the oil of storax 

 from Liquidambar orientalis (v. Miller, 

 Ann. 188, 1 84). The forerunnings from 

 the oil of Eucalyptus globulus contain ethyl 

 alcohol (Bouchardat and Oliviero, Bull. 

 Soc. [3] 9, 429). The alcohol in these 

 cases probably arises partly or wholly 

 from esters by hydrolysis (Gutzeit con- 

 sidered the alcohol to exist in the free 

 state in the fruit of Heracleum, Ann. 

 240, 243). 



The ethyl ester of butyric acid is 

 contained in the oil from the unripe 

 fruit of Heracleum giganteum (Gutzeit, 

 Ann. 177, 344). Ethyl butyrate is 

 contained also in the oil from the fruit 

 of Heracleum sphondylium (Moslinger, 

 loc. cit.}. Ethyl acetate is contained in 

 the flowers of Magnolia fuscata (Goppert, 

 Ann. Ill, 127) ; ethyl valerate probably 

 occurs in Algerian oil of rue (Power and 

 Lees, Trans. Ch. Soc. 81, 1589) ; ethyl 

 cinnamate in liquid storax from 

 Liquidambar orientalis (v. Miller, loc. 

 cit. ; Tschirch and Van Itallie, Arch. 

 Pharm. 239, 506) and in the oil from 

 Kaempferia galanga (Van Romburgh, 

 Proc. K. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 

 4, 618; Journ. Ch. Soc. 82, I, Abst. 



6 33)- 



Ethyl esters of hexoic, octoic, decoic, 

 lauric, palmitic, and oleic acids are 

 present in the juice from the fruit of 

 the saw palmetto, Sabal serrulata (Sher- 

 man and Briggs, Pharm. Arch. 2, 101). 

 The oil from the root of Kaempferia 

 galanga contains the ethyl ester of 

 p-methoxycinnamic acid (Van Rom- 



burgh, SchimmeFs Ber. Oct. 1900; 

 Journ. Ch. Soc. 78, I, Abst. 677). 



Rhizocarpic acid, a product from 

 certain lichens, is an ethyl ester of 

 a complex acid (Hesse, Journ. pr. Ch. 

 [2] 58, 510). This acid has been 

 obtained from the following species : 

 R/iizocarpon geographicum and vars. con- 

 tiguum, lecanorinum, and geronticum, 

 R. viridi-atrum, Pleopsidium chloro- 

 phanum, Acarospora chlorophana, Raphio- 

 spora jlavovirescens, Biatora lucida, 

 Catocarpus alpicolus = Catocarpon chino- 

 philum, Acolium tigillare, Gasparinia 

 elegans, G. medians (Zopf, Ann. 284, 

 114; 295, 275; 313, 334; 321, 37; 

 Hesse, Ber. 3O, 362; 31, 663; Journ. 

 pr. Ch. [2] 57, 446; 58, 511; 62, 

 343 ; see also Salkowski, Ann. 319, 



391)- 



An ethyl ester of vulpic acid (see 

 under methyl alcohol [13] ) = callopismic 

 acid occurs in the lichens Physcia 

 medians, Callopisma vitellinum, Cande- 

 laria concolor, and Gyalolechia aurella 

 (Zopf, Ann. 284, 123; 295,239; 297, 

 290). 



Hsematommic acid obtained from the 

 lichens Heematomma coccineum, Physcia 

 ccesia, Stereocaulon ramulosum, and Par- 

 melia perlata, is an ethyl ester of atra- 

 norin (Zopf, Ann. 288,39; 44; 295, 

 280 ; 297 ; Hesse, Journ. pr. Ch. [2] 

 57, 292). 



Ethyl alcohol is a product of fer- 

 mentation of various sugars by species 

 of yeasts, Saccharomyces. The follow- 

 ing species or forms are now recognized 

 as alcoholic ferments : 



Saccharomyces cerevisiee I, Hansen ; 

 S. pastorianus I, II, and III, Hansen; 

 S. logos, Van Laer; S. ellipsoideus I 

 and II, Hansen ; 8. ilicis, Gronlund ; 

 S. aquifolii, Gronlund ; 8. jpyriformis, 

 Marshall Ward; S. vordermanni, Went 

 and Geerligs; S. marxianns, Hansen; 

 8. exiguus, Reess and Hansen ; S. jor- 

 gensenii, Lasche" ; S. ludwigii, Hansen ; 

 S. octosporus, Beyerinck; S. pombe, 

 Saare and Zeidler ; 8. mellacei, Holn 

 and Jorgensen ; S. acidi lactici, Groten- 

 f elt ; S. fragilis, Jorgensen ; S. ano- 

 malus, Hansen ; S. conglomeratic*, Reess 

 (doubtful ferment) ; S. apiculatus, 



